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Chromosomal Locations of a Non-LTR Retrotransposon, Menolird18, in Cucumis melo and Cucumis sativus, and Its Implication on Genome Evolution of Cucumis Species
Cytogenetic and Genome Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1159/000511119
Agus B. Setiawan , Chee H. Teo , Shinji Kikuchi , Hidenori Sassa , Kenji Kato , Takato Koba

Mobile elements are major regulators of genome evolution through their effects on genome size and chromosome structure in higher organisms. Non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons, one of the subclasses of transposons, are specifically inserted into repetitive DNA sequences. While studies on the insertion of non-LTR retrotransposons into ribosomal RNA genes and other repetitive DNA sequences have been reported in the animal kingdom, studies in the plant kingdom are limited. Here, using FISH, we confirmed that Menolird18, a member of LINE (long interspersed nuclear element) in non-LTR retrotransposons and found in Cucumis melo, was inserted into ITS and ETS (internal and external transcribed spacers) regions of 18S rDNA in melon and cucumber. Beside the 18S rDNA regions, Menolird18 was also detected in all centromeric regions of melon, while it was located at pericentromeric and sub-telomeric regions in cucumber. The fact that FISH signals of Menolird18 were found in centromeric and rDNA regions of mitotic chromosomes suggests that Menolird18 is a rDNA and centromere-specific non-LTR retrotransposon in melon. Our findings are the first report on a non-LTR retrotransposon that is highly conserved in 2 different plant species, melon and cucumber. The clear distinction of chromosomal localization of Menolird18 in melon and cucumber implies that it might have been involved in the evolutionary processes of the melon (C. melo) and cucumber (C. sativus) genomes.

中文翻译:

非LTR反转录转座子,染色体位置Menolird18,在甜瓜黄瓜,及其对基因组进化意义黄瓜

移动元件通过它们对高等生物的基因组大小和染色体结构的影响而成为基因组进化的主要调节器。非长末端重复 (non-LTR) 反转录转座子是转座子的亚类之一,专门插入到重复的 DNA 序列中。虽然动物界已经报道了将非 LTR 逆转录转座子插入核糖体 RNA 基因和其他重复 DNA 序列的研究,但植物界的研究有限。在这里,我们使用 FISH 证实,在甜瓜中发现的非 LTR 逆转录转座子中 LINE(长散布核元件)的成员 Menolird18 被插入到甜瓜中 18S rDNA 的 ITS 和 ETS(内部和外部转录间隔区)区域和黄瓜。除了18S rDNA区域外,在甜瓜的所有着丝粒区域也检测到了Menolird18,而它位于黄瓜的着丝粒周围和亚端粒区域。在有丝分裂染色体的着丝粒和 rDNA 区域发现 Menolird18 的 FISH 信号这一事实表明 Menolird18 是甜瓜中的 rDNA 和着丝粒特异性非 LTR 逆转录转座子。我们的发现是关于非 LTR 反转录转座子的第一份报告,该反转录转座子在 2 种不同的植物物种(甜瓜和黄瓜)中高度保守。Menolird18 在甜瓜和黄瓜中染色体定位的明显区别意味着它可能参与了甜瓜 (C. melo) 和黄瓜 (C. sativus) 基因组的进化过程。在有丝分裂染色体的着丝粒和 rDNA 区域发现 Menolird18 的 FISH 信号这一事实表明 Menolird18 是甜瓜中的 rDNA 和着丝粒特异性非 LTR 逆转录转座子。我们的发现是关于非 LTR 反转录转座子的第一份报告,该反转录转座子在 2 种不同的植物物种(甜瓜和黄瓜)中高度保守。Menolird18 在甜瓜和黄瓜中染色体定位的明显区别意味着它可能参与了甜瓜 (C. melo) 和黄瓜 (C. sativus) 基因组的进化过程。在有丝分裂染色体的着丝粒和 rDNA 区域发现 Menolird18 的 FISH 信号这一事实表明 Menolird18 是甜瓜中的 rDNA 和着丝粒特异性非 LTR 逆转录转座子。我们的发现是关于非 LTR 反转录转座子的第一份报告,该反转录转座子在 2 种不同的植物物种(甜瓜和黄瓜)中高度保守。Menolird18 在甜瓜和黄瓜中染色体定位的明显区别意味着它可能参与了甜瓜 (C. melo) 和黄瓜 (C. sativus) 基因组的进化过程。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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