In general, the main compositions of porcelain and bone china composed of 54-65%wt silica (SiO₂), 23-34% wt alumina (Al₂O₃) and 0.2-0.7%wt calcium oxide (CaO) suitable for preparation high quality ceramic products such as soft-hard porcelain products for teeth and bones, bioceramics, IC substrate and magneto-optoelectroceramics. The quality of ceramic hand mold is depended on raw material and its properties (pH, ionic strength, solid-liquid surface tension, particle size distribution, specific surface area, porosity, density, microstructure, weight ratio between solid and water, drying time, and firing temperatures). The suitable firing conditions for porcelain and bone china hand-mold preparation were firing at 1270°C for 10 h which resulted in superior working molds for making latex films from natural and synthetic rubber. The obtained fired porcelain hand molds at 1270°C for 10 h provided good chemical durability (10%NaOH, 5%HCl and 10%wtNaCl), low thermal expansion coefficient (5.8570 × 10⁻⁶ (°C⁻¹)), good compressive (179.40 MPa) and good flexural strength (86 MPa). While thermal expansion coefficient, compressive and flexural strength of obtained fired bone china hand molds are equal to 6.9230 × 10⁻⁶ (°C⁻¹), 128.40 and 73.70 MPa, respectively, good acid-base-salt resistance, a smooth mold surface, and easy hand mold fabrication. Both obtained porcelain and bone china hand molds are a low production cost, making them suitable for natural and synthetic rubber latex glove formation.

中文翻译：

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骨瓷和瓷器的替代品，作为陶瓷手模，用于通过浸渍工艺形成橡胶乳胶手套薄膜

通常，瓷器和骨瓷的主要成分是由54-65％（重量）的二氧化硅（SiO ₂），23-34％（重量）的氧化铝（Al ₂ O _{3）组成。}）和0.2-0.7％wt的氧化钙（CaO），适用于制备高质量的陶瓷产品，例如用于牙齿和骨骼的软硬瓷产品，生物陶瓷，IC基板和磁光陶瓷。陶瓷手模的质量取决于原材料及其特性（pH，离子强度，固液表面张力，粒度分布，比表面积，孔隙率，密度，微观结构，固水比，干燥时间，和烧成温度）。瓷器和骨瓷手模制备的合适烧成条件是在1270°C下烧成10小时，这产生了用天然和合成橡胶制成乳胶薄膜的优良模具。在1270°C下获得的经过烧制的瓷质手模可提供良好的化学耐久性（10％NaOH，5％HCl和10％wtNaCl），^-6（°C ^-1）），良好的抗压强度（179.40 MPa）和良好的抗弯强度（86 MPa）。获得的烧制骨瓷手模的热膨胀系数，抗压强度和抗折强度分别等于6.9230×10 ^-6（°C ^-1），128.40和73.70 MPa，具有良好的耐酸碱盐性，光滑的模具表面，并且易于手工制作模具。所获得的瓷器和骨瓷手模均具有较低的生产成本，使其适合于天然和合成橡胶乳胶手套的成型。