Recognition of foreign or misplaced nucleic acids is one of the principal modes by which the immune system detects pathogenic entities. When cytosolic DNA is sensed, a signal is relayed via the cGAS-STING pathway: this involves the activation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGMP-AMP) synthase (cGAS) and generation of the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP, followed by the induction of stimulator of interferon genes (STING). The cGAS-STING pathway responds to viral, bacterial, and self-DNA. Whereas it generally mediates immune surveillance and is often neuroprotective, excessive engagement of the system can be deleterious. This is relevant in aging and age-related neurological diseases, where neuroinflammation contributes to disease progression. This review focuses on cGAS-STING signaling in aging, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation, and on therapeutic implications.

中文翻译：

---

cGAS-STING 在神经退行性变、神经炎症和衰老中的信号传导

识别外来或错位的核酸是免疫系统检测致病实体的主要模式之一。当检测到细胞溶质 DNA 时，信号通过 cGAS-STING 途径传递：这涉及激活环状 GMP-AMP (cGMP-AMP) 合酶 (cGAS) 和生成环状二核苷酸 cGAMP，然后诱导干扰素基因（STING）。cGAS-STING 通路对病毒、细菌和自身 DNA 有反应。虽然它通常介导免疫监视并且通常具有神经保护作用，但该系统的过度参与可能是有害的。这与衰老和与年龄相关的神经系统疾病有关，其中神经炎症有助于疾病进展。本综述重点关注衰老、神经退行性变和神经炎症中的 cGAS-STING 信号传导，