Abstract In polar oceans, ice-band patterns are frequently observed around the ice edge in the winter, where sea ice production and melting continually occur. A better understanding of such fundamental processes in marginal ice zones (MIZs) may be key to accurate predictions of sea-ice evolution. Ice bands exhibit approximately 10-km-scale regular band spacings, and their long axes turn to the counter-clockwise (clockwise) with respect to the wind direction in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. We formulate a theory that is relevant for a continuously stratified ocean and compare the theoretical results with the numerical-model results and satellite observations. The numerical results quantitatively agree well with the theory. In particular, resonance condition, on which the phase speed of internal wave matches with the ice-band propagation speed, is always satisfied even if wind speed becomes slow. This is because there are an infinite number of baroclinic modes in continuously stratified ocean. We also show that an ice-band pattern emerges from a random initial ice concentration even though the wind is homogeneous. Plume-like ice bands along ice edge, which are frequently observed by satellites, are well explained by the pattern formation from random noise. Various effects of the ice-band formation were explored with respect to the relationship between the initial ice concentration and the wind direction, ice roughness, ice thickness, temporal variation of wind, and the Coriolis parameter.

中文翻译：

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连续分层海洋中海冰与内波共振相互作用引起的冰带图案形成机制

摘要 在极地海洋中，冬季经常在冰缘周围观察到冰带图案，海冰的产生和融化不断发生。更好地了解边缘冰区 (MIZ) 中的此类基本过程可能是准确预测海冰演变的关键。冰带呈现出大约 10 公里尺度的规则带间距，它们的长轴相对于北（南）半球的风向转向逆时针（顺时针）。我们制定了一个与连续分层海洋相关的理论，并将理论结果与数值模型结果和卫星观测进行比较。数值结果在数量上与理论一致。特别是在共振条件下，内波的相位速度与冰带传播速度相匹配，即使风速变慢也总是满足。这是因为在连续分层的海洋中存在着无数种斜压模态。我们还表明，即使风是均匀的，也会从随机的初始冰集中出现冰带模式。卫星经常观察到的沿冰缘的羽状冰带可以通过随机噪声的模式形成很好地解释。在初始冰浓度与风向、冰粗糙度、冰厚度、风的时间变化和科里奥利参数之间的关系方面，探索了冰带形成的各种影响。我们还表明，即使风是均匀的，也会从随机的初始冰集中出现冰带模式。卫星经常观察到的沿冰缘的羽状冰带可以通过随机噪声的模式形成很好地解释。在初始冰浓度与风向、冰粗糙度、冰厚度、风的时间变化和科里奥利参数之间的关系方面，探索了冰带形成的各种影响。我们还表明，即使风是均匀的，也会从随机的初始冰集中出现冰带模式。卫星经常观察到的沿冰缘的羽状冰带可以通过随机噪声的模式形成很好地解释。在初始冰浓度与风向、冰粗糙度、冰厚度、风的时间变化和科里奥利参数之间的关系方面，探索了冰带形成的各种影响。