Neuroinflammation is a complex response to brain injury involving the activation of glia, release of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, and generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Even though it is considered an event secondary to neuronal death or dysfunction, neuro-inflammation comprises a majority of the non-neuronal contributors to the cause and progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) and others. As a result of the lack of effectiveness of current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation has become a legitimate therapeutic target for drug discovery, leading to the study of various in vivo and in vitro models of neuroinflammation. Several molecules sourced from plants have displayed anti-inflammatory properties in the study of neurodegenerative diseases. A group of these anti-inflammatory compounds has been classified as cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs), which target the pro-inflammatory AP1 and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways and inhibit the expression of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, or nitric oxide. Australian plants, thriving amid the driest inhabited continent of the world, are an untapped source of chemical diversity in the form of secondary metabolites. These compounds are produced in response to biotic and abiotic stresses that the plants are exposed to in the highly biodiverse environment. This review is an attempt to highlight anti-inflammatory compounds isolated from Australian plants.

神经炎症是对脑损伤的复杂反应，涉及神经胶质的激活、炎症介质（如细胞因子和趋化因子）的释放以及活性氧和氮物质的产生。尽管它被认为是继发于神经元死亡或功能障碍的事件，但神经炎症在导致阿尔茨海默病 (AD)、帕金森病 (PD)、多发性硬化症等神经退行性疾病的病因和进展中占大多数非神经元因素。 MS)、慢性创伤性脑病 (CTE) 等。由于目前对神经退行性疾病的治疗缺乏有效性，神经炎症已成为药物发现的合法治疗靶点，导致各种体内和体外研究神经炎症模型。几种来自植物的分子在神经退行性疾病的研究中显示出抗炎特性。一组这些抗炎化合物已被归类为细胞因子抑制性抗炎药 (CSAIDs)，其靶向促炎 AP1 和核因子-κB 信号通路并抑制许多促炎细胞因子的表达，例如白细胞介素 IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α 或一氧化氮。澳大利亚植物在世界上最干燥的有人居住的大陆繁衍生息，是以次生代谢物的形式存在的化学多样性的未开发来源。这些化合物是为了响应植物在高度生物多样性环境中所暴露的生物和非生物胁迫而产生的。