Abstract Winter survival in wheat requires programmed potential modulations to develop low temperature (LT) acclimation for its growth and yield. The purpose of the present study was to understand the relationships between developmental regulations and metabolic changes during LT acclimation and vernalization under field conditions. Six wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of F8 generation resulted from cross Mironovskaya 808 (winter-habit parent) and Pishtaz (spring-habit parent) with different vernalization requirements and reproductive development, whose growth habits were determined by Vrn-1 loci, were cultivated under greenhouse and field conditions. Plants were sampled on three dates (Dec. 12, Jan. 11, and Feb. 10) as different phenological development stages. Early and rapid transition from vegetative to reproductive phase measured by double ridge (DR) formation and final leaf number (FLN) occurred in spring genotypes, including Pishtaz parent and RILs 4006 and 4014. They also had the lowest enzymatic antioxidants activity and contents of anthocyanins, total phenols, flavonoids, lignin, proline and carotenoids and the highest damage indices (H2O2 and MDA) among genotypes. RILs 4012 and 4016 had higher FLN than Pishtaz and remained in vegetative phase longer and showed higher tolerance (LT50 and metabolites) as compared to spring genotypes. In contrast, Mironovskaya 808 parent and RILs 4005 and 4003 spent the longest time in the vegetative phase and showed the highest level of LT tolerance (confirmed by LT50, damage indices and pigment contents). The highest level of LT tolerance in all genotypes, obtained at the vegetative/reproductive transition, significantly decreased with the onset of the reproductive phase. Our results suggested that LT tolerance was established from developmental regulations and potential metabolic networks following longer vegetative phase in wheat.

中文翻译：

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低温驯化中春冬小麦杂交RILs的发育调控及代谢变化

摘要 小麦的冬季生存需要程序化的潜在调节，以使其生长和产量适应低温 (LT)。本研究的目的是了解田间条件下 LT 驯化和春化过程中发育规律与代谢变化之间的关系。6个F8代小麦重组自交系（RILs）由Mironovskaya 808（冬季习性亲本）和Pishtaz（春季习性亲本）杂交产生，具有不同的春化要求和生殖发育，其生长习性由Vrn-1基因座决定，在温室和田间条件下栽培。在三个日期（12 月 12 日、1 月 11 日和 2 月 10 日）对植物进行采样，作为不同的物候发育阶段。通过双脊 (DR) 形成和最终叶数 (FLN) 测量的从营养期到繁殖期的早期和快速过渡发生在春季基因型中，包括 Pishtaz 亲本和 RIL 4006 和 4014。它们的酶促抗氧化活性和花青素含量也最低、总酚、黄酮类、木质素、脯氨酸和类胡萝卜素，以及基因型中最高的损伤指数（H2O2 和 MDA）。与春季基因型相比，RIL 4012 和 4016 具有比 Pishtaz 更高的 FLN，并且在营养期停留的时间更长，并且显示出更高的耐受性（LT50 和代谢物）。相比之下，Mironovskaya 808 亲本和 RIL 4005 和 4003 在营养阶段花费的时间最长，并显示出最高水平的 LT 耐受性（由 LT50、损伤指数和色素含量证实）。所有基因型中最高水平的 LT 耐受性，在营养/生殖过渡时获得的，随着生殖阶段的开始而显着降低。我们的结果表明，LT 耐受性是根据小麦较长营养期后的发育规律和潜在代谢网络建立的。