In order to understand the pollution status of groundwater with geochemical evolution and appraisal of its probable public health risk due to nitrate (NO₃^–) and fluoride (F^–), a total of 93 groundwater samples were collected during pre-monsoon (May) period from Wardha sub-basin, central India. By employing Piper plot, transition from Ca–HCO₃ type water (recharge waters) to Na–Cl (saline water) type water through mixed Ca–Na–HCO₃, mixed Ca–Mg–Cl (reverse ion exchange waters) and Ca–Cl types (leachate waters), were observed. The Geogenic processes such as silicate, dolomite, halite and carbonate weathering along with calcite precipitation and ion exchange process were identified as major controlling factors for evolution and alteration of groundwater chemistry. The Saturation index highlighted that the groundwater in the area is oversaturated with respect to the mineral calcite and dolomite, and under saturated with gypsum, fluorite and halite. The high NO₃^– and F^– concentration overpassing the permissible limit were found in 54.8% and 18.5% of samples. The plot of F^– with Na⁺/Ca²⁺, Na⁺/Mg²⁺ and F^–/Cl^– established fluoride bearing rock weathering is responsible for F^– contamination. Based on the cluster analysis, the groundwater was grouped into Cluster-I Ca–Na–HCO₃ type (61.3%) and Cluster-II Na–Ca–HCO₃–Cl type (30.1%). The total hazard index (HI) based on human health risk assessment (HHRA) model for cumulative NO₃^– and F^– toxicity through oral and dermal pathways were computed as 100%, 97.85% and 96.77% for children, female and male populations respectively. The HQ_(nitrate) > 1 through ingestion pathway were in 84.95%, 68.82% and 62.37%, and HQ_(fluoride) > 1 in 83.87%, 62.37% and 43.01% of the groundwater samples were recorded for children, female and male population respectively. The risk assessment study highlighted very high toxicity and severe health impact of ingestion of contaminated groundwater on public health.

为了了解与因硝酸盐及其可能公共卫生风险的地球化学演化和评价（NO地下水的污染状况₃ ^- ）和氟（F ^- ），共有93个地下水样前季风期间收集（5月）从印度中部的瓦尔达次流域时期开始。通过使用Piper图，通过混合的Ca–Na–HCO ₃从Ca–HCO ₃型水（补给水）过渡到Na–Cl（盐水）型水。，观察到混合的Ca–Mg–Cl（反向离子交换水）和Ca–Cl类型（渗滤液水）。硅酸盐，白云石，盐岩和碳酸盐风化等成因过程以及方解石的沉淀和离子交换过程被确定为地下水化学演化和变化的主要控制因素。饱和指数突显出该地区的地下水相对于方解石和白云石而言是过饱和的，而对于石膏，萤石和盐岩则是饱和的。高NO ₃ ^-和F ^-浓度overpassing允许限值在54.8％和样品的18.5％被发现了。F ^–与Na ⁺ / Ca 2 ⁺，Na ⁺ / Mg的关系图²⁺和F ^– / Cl ^–建立的含氟岩石风化是F ^–污染的原因。根据聚类分析，将地下水分为第一类Ca–Na–HCO ₃（61.3％）和第二类Na–Ca–HCO ₃ –Cl（30.1％）。基于人类健康风险评估（HHRA）模型的累积NO总危险指数（HI）₃ ^-和F ^-毒性通过口服和皮肤途径分别计算为100％，97.85％和为儿童，男性和女性人口96.77％ 。通过摄入途径的HQ _{（硝酸盐）} > 1的占84.95％，68.82％和62.37％，HQ _{（氟化物）}分别有83.87％，62.37％和43.01％的地下水样本记录为儿童，女性和男性人口中的> 1。风险评估研究强调，摄入被污染的地下水对公众健康具有极高的毒性和严重的健康影响。