In order to study the strain rate effect and size effect during the brittle failure process of ice under uniaxial tension and compression with numerical means, particle-subdomain method (PSM) is introduced. PSM is a continuum-discontinuum coupled method with time-dependent explicit algorithm of dynamic relaxation, which has combined the advantages of particle-in-cell method, finite element method and discrete element method. The governing equation of this method is deduced from Lagrange equation, which is a unification of expression for continuous deformation, fracture and failure. The complex failure behaviors of brittle ice under uniaxial tension and compression in laboratory scale are simulated. The progressive failure process with fracture evolution can be well described with this method. The results show that failure mode and the strength of ice material are affected by loading rate, boundary conditions and the size of the specimen. The strain rate effect and size effect with transition property are naturally obtained and can be explained with internal fracture evolution process within the material.

为了用数值方法研究冰在单轴拉伸和压缩下的脆性破坏过程中的应变率效应和尺寸效应，引入了粒子子域法（PSM）。PSM是一种具有时间依赖的动态松弛显式算法的连续-不连续耦合方法，它结合了单元中粒子法，有限元法和离散元法的优点。该方法的控制方程是从拉格朗日方程推导的，该方程是连续变形，断裂和破坏的统一表达式。在实验室规模下，模拟了脆性冰在单轴拉伸和压缩作用下的复杂破坏行为。用这种方法可以很好地描述伴随裂缝发展的渐进破坏过程。结果表明，破坏模式和冰材料的强度受载荷率，边界条件和试样尺寸的影响。自然可以得到应变率效应和具有过渡特性的尺寸效应，并可以用材料内部的内部断裂演化过程来解释。