Frequent tephra deposition and a steady influx of aeolian material of multiple origins, dominate soil formation in Iceland. Little is known about the weathering behaviour, mineral formation and alteration of tephra and Icelandic Andosols after tephra deposition.

Two sampling sites in the volcanically active area south of Vatnajökull in South East Iceland were selected according to the presence of two distinctive tephra layers; a light coloured, rhyolitic, tephra from the Öræfajökull eruption in 1362 CE and a black, basaltic, Veiðivötn tephra from 1477 CE. Through a combination of physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses, the present research improves the understanding of changes in properties, weathering processes and mineralogy in Andosols after the deposition of tephra and aeolian material. It adds significant knowledge about the impact of explosive volcanic eruptions and consequences of heavy tephra fall and erosion on soil development in Iceland in particular, but may have wide-ranging influence on the management of volcanic soils worldwide.

Both pedons can be classified as Andosols, showing silandic and vitric soil properties. The soils were acidic and dominated by sand. Fe_o/Fe_d ratios above 0.75 in all soils indicated a low degree of soil development. The major portion of the clay size particles mainly derived from poorly crystalline and amorphous constituents (e.g. allophane and ferrihydrite). In spite of the low soil age (less than 650 years) and the prevailing cool climatic conditions, we observed signs of pedogenesis and the presence of secondary clay minerals in both, soils and tephra. It was mainly secondary chlorite, which could be verified. Usually it takes more time under given environmental conditions for clay minerals to form and alter. The phyllosilicates we found are supposedly attributed to aeolian influx of material from older, more weathered, more developed eroded surfaces of unknown origin and chemical composition, maybe from sources outside Iceland. This and the particular local site conditions (e.g. moisture, soil temperature, SOM), rather than the primary composition of the parent material, are the driving factors in the development of the investigated Andosols and the alteration of minerals. Additionally, the high volcanic activity in Iceland constantly provides new tephra to the soils.

频繁发生的特非拉沉积和来自多个地方的稳定的风沙物质大量涌入，主导着冰岛的土壤形成。鲜为人知的是，风化行为，矿物质的形成，以及特发拉沉积后的特发拉和冰岛安第斯溶胶的变化都鲜为人知。

冰岛东南部瓦特纳冰川（Vatnajökull）以南火山活动区的两个采样点是根据两个独特的特菲拉层的存在而选择的。1362年是Öræfajökull火山喷发的浅色流纹特非拉，1477年是黑色玄武岩Veiðivötn特非拉。通过物理，化学和矿物学分析的结合，本研究提高了对特非拉和风沙物质沉积后安多溶胶性质，风化过程和矿物学变化的认识。它尤其增加了有关火山爆发性爆发的影响以及特非拉火山暴跌和侵蚀对冰岛土壤发展的影响的重要知识，但可能对全世界火山土壤的管理产生广泛影响。

这两个脚踏板都可以归类为“ Andosols”，显示出硅质土和玻璃质土的特性。土壤是酸性的，以沙子为主。铁_Ó /铁_d在所有土壤中高于0.75的比率表明土壤发育程度低。粘土胶粒的主要部分主要来自结晶性和非晶性较差的成分（例如，铝铝镁石和水铁矿）。尽管土壤年龄低（不到650年），且气候凉爽，但我们观察到土壤和特非拉土壤中有成岩作用和次生粘土矿物存在的迹象。主要是次氯酸盐，可以验证。通常，在给定的环境条件下，粘土矿物的形成和改变需要更多的时间。据推测，我们发现的页状硅酸盐是由于风化物质从较旧的，更风化的，更发达的，侵蚀面，其来源和化学成分未知，可能来自冰岛以外的来源而大量涌入。这以及当地的特定条件（例如 湿度，土壤温度，SOM），而不是母体材料的主要成分，是研究被研究的Andosols和矿物改变的驱动因素。此外，冰岛的高火山活动不断为土壤提供新的特非拉。