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Collocated speciation of PM2.5 using tandem quartz filters in northern nanjing, China: Sampling artifacts and measurement uncertainty
Atmospheric Environment ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118066 Li Yang , Yue Shang , Michael P. Hannigan , Rui Zhu , Qin'geng Wang , Chao Qin , Mingjie Xie
Atmospheric Environment ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118066 Li Yang , Yue Shang , Michael P. Hannigan , Rui Zhu , Qin'geng Wang , Chao Qin , Mingjie Xie
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Abstract In this study, collocated samples of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were collected every sixth day on quartz filters (Qf) at a suburban site in northern Nanjing, China for one year. A backup quartz filter (Qb) was installed behind Qf to estimate positive artifacts. The analysis of gravimetric mass, water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), total organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), total nitrogen (WSTN) and organic nitrogen (WSON) were performed on both Qf and Qb. Due to the high mass loadings on Qf (17.9 ± 7.82 mg filter−1, 4.71–38.5 mg filter−1), the collocated precision of gravimetric mass and dominant species (NH4+, NO3−, SO42−, OC, and EC) is better than that from previous work. Except K+, EC, and WSON, all other target components were detected on Qb with average Qb/Qf ratios ranging from 3.02 ± 3.48–21.7 ± 22.4%. The final concentrations and uncertainties of PM2.5 components were determined based on duplicate Qf–Qb data. The results suggest that using an error fraction of 10% will underestimate the uncertainty of less concentrated species (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+) in PM2.5. Due to the evaporation loss of semi-volatile materials from the Qf, the Qf–Qb calculation would lead to an estimate of the lower limit for particulate NH4+, NO3−, and OC. Synchronized hourly data of PM2.5 mass and components were obtained at downtown Nanjing. The comparisons of gravimetric versus reconstructed PM2.5 and filter-based versus continuous measurements of PM2.5 components indicate that a substantial fraction of the unexplained gravimetric PM2.5 can be attributed to aerosol water.
更新日期：2021-02-01
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