For the first time, cytogenetic features of grasshoppers from Iran have been studied. In this paper we conducted a comparative cytogenetic analysis of six species from the family Pamphagidae. The species studied belong to subfamilies Thrinchinae Stål, 1876 (Eremopeza bicoloripes (Moritz, 1928), E. saussurei (Uvarov, 1918)) and Pamphaginae (Saxetania paramonovi (Dirsh, 1927), Tropidauchen escalerai Bolívar, 1912, Tropidauchen sp., and Paranothrotes citimus Mistshenko, 1951). We report information about the chromosome number and morphology, C-banding patterns, and localization of ribosomal DNA clusters and telomeric (TTAGG)n repeats. Among these species, only S. paramonovi had an ancestral Pamphagidae karyotype (2n=18+X0♂; FN=19♂). The karyotypes of the remaining species differed from the ancestral karyotypes. The karyotypes of E. bicoloripes and E. saussurei, despite having the same chromosome number (2n=18+X0♂) had certain biarmed chromosomes (FN=20♂ and FN=34♂ respectively). The karyotypes of T. escalerai and Tropidauchen sp. consisted of eight pairs of acrocentric autosomes, one submetacentric neo-X chromosome and one acrocentric neo-Y chromosome in males (2n=16+neo-X neo-Y♂). The karyotype of P. citimus consisted of seven pairs of acrocentric autosomes, submetacentric the neo-X1 and neo-Y and acrocentric the neo-X2 chromosomes (2n=14+neo-X1 neo-X2 neo-Y♂). Comparative analysis of the localization and size of C-positive regions, the position of ribosomal clusters and the telomeric DNA motif in the chromosomes of the species studied, revealed early unknown features of their karyotype evolution. The data obtained has allowed us to hypothesize that the origin and early phase of evolution of the neo-Xneo-Y♂ sex chromosome in the subfamily Pamphaginae, are linked to the Iranian highlands.

中文翻译：

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一些伊朗 Pamphagidae 蚱蜢（直翅目、Acridoidea、Pamphagidae）的核型多样性：新 XY 性染色体进化的新见解

首次研究了伊朗蝗虫的细胞遗传学特征。在本文中，我们对 Pamphagidae 科的 6 个物种进行了比较细胞遗传学分析。研究的物种属于Thrinchinae Stål亚科，1876年（Eremopeza bicoloripes（Moritz，1928年）、E. saussurei（Uvarov，1918年））和Pamphaginae（Saxetania paramonovi（Dirsh，1927年）、Tropidauchen escalerai Bolívar，1912年、Tropidauchen sp.和Paranothrotes citimus Mistshenko，1951）。我们报告了有关染色体数量和形态、C 带模式以及核糖体 DNA 簇和端粒 (TTAGG)n 重复定位的信息。在这些物种中，只有 S. paramonovi 具有祖先 Pamphagidae 核型（2n=18+X0♂；FN=19♂）。其余物种的核型与祖先的核型不同。双色棘蜥和雪莲棘蜥的核型尽管具有相同的染色体数（2n=18+X0♂），但具有一定的双臂染色体（分别为FN=20♂和FN=34♂）。T. escalerai 和 Tropidauchen sp 的核型。男性由8对近端着丝粒常染色体、1条亚中着丝粒neo-X染色体和1条近端着丝粒neo-Y染色体组成(2n=16+neo-X neo-Y♂)。P.citimus的核型由七对近端着丝粒常染色体组成，近中着丝粒neo-X1和neo-Y染色体以及近端着丝粒neo-X2染色体（2n=14+neo-X1 neo-X2 neo-Y♂）。对所研究物种染色体中 C 阳性区域的定位和大小、核糖体簇的位置和端粒 DNA 基序的比较分析，揭示了其核型进化的早期未知特征。获得的数据使我们能够假设 Pamphaginae 亚科的 neo-Xneo-Y♂ 性染色体的起源和早期进化阶段与伊朗高地有关。