In Penning traps electromagnetic forces are used to confine charged particles under well-controlled conditions for virtually unlimited time. Sensitive detection methods have been developed to allow observation of single stored ions. Various cooling methods can be employed to reduce the energy of the trapped particle to nearly at rest. In this review we summarize how highly charged ions (HCIs) offer unique possibilities for precision measurements in Penning traps. Precision atomic and nuclear masses as well as magnetic moments of bound electrons allow among others to determine fundamental constants like the mass of the electron or to perform stringent tests of fundamental interactions like bound-state quantum electrodynamics. Recent results and future perspectives in high-precision Penning-trap spectroscopy with HCIs will be discussed.

在Penning捕集阱中，电磁力用于在良好控制的条件下将带电粒子限制在几乎无限的时间内。已经开发出灵敏的检测方法，以允许观察单个存储的离子。可以采用各种冷却方法来将捕获的颗粒的能量减少到几乎静止。在本文中，我们总结了高电荷离子（HCI）如何为Penning阱中的精密测量提供独特的可能性。精确的原子质量和核质量以及束缚电子的磁矩使我们可以确定诸如电子质量之类的基本常数，或者对诸如键合态量子电动力学之类的基本相互作用进行严格的测试。讨论了带有HCl的高精度潘宁-阱光谱学的最新结果和未来展望。