Ruthenium pincer complexes were synthesized and used for catalytic ester reductions under mild conditions (∼5 bar of hydrogen). An experimental design approach was used to optimize the conditions for yield, purity, and robustness. Evidence for the catalytically active ruthenium dihydride species is presented. Observed intermediates and side products, as well as time-course data, were used to build mechanistic insight. The optimized procedure was further demonstrated through scaled-up reductions of two pharmaceutically relevant esters, both in batch and continuous flow.

中文翻译：

---

钌催化的酯还原反应应用于医药中间体

合成了钌钳配合物，并在温和的条件下（约5 bar的氢气）用于催化酯的还原。实验设计方法用于优化产量，纯度和稳健性的条件。提供了具有催化活性的二氢化钌物质的证据。观察到的中间体和副产品，以及时程数据，用于建立机械洞察力。通过分批和连续流两种药物相关酯的按比例放大还原，进一步证明了该优化程序。