We designed and synthesized a series of fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) based on naphthalene-fused octacyclic cores end-capped by 3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-5,6-difluoro-1- indanone (NOICs) using a bottom-up approach. The NOIC series shares the same end groups and side chains, as well as similar fused-ring cores. The butterfly effects, arising from different methoxy positions in the starting materials, impact the design of the final FREAs, as well as their molecular packing, optical and electronic properties, charge transport, film morphology, and performance of organic solar cells. The binary-blend devices based on this NOIC series show power conversion efficiencies varying from 7.15% to 14.1%, due to the different intrinsic properties of the NOIC series, morphologies of blend films, and voltage losses of devices.

中文翻译：

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由熔融环电子受体中的起始材料引起的蝴蝶效应

我们设计并合成了一系列基于以 3-(1,1-二氰基亚甲基)-5,6-二氟-1-茚满酮 (NOIC) 封端的萘稠合八环核的稠环电子受体 (FREA)。自下而上的方法。NOIC 系列共享相同的端基和侧链，以及类似的稠环核心。由起始材料中不同甲氧基位置引起的蝴蝶效应影响最终 FREA 的设计，以及它们的分子堆积、光学和电子特性、电荷传输、薄膜形态和有机太阳能电池的性能。由于 NOIC 系列的不同固有特性、混合膜的形态和器件的电压损失，基于此 NOIC 系列的二元混合器件显示出功率转换效率从 7.15% 到 14.1% 不等。