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The complexity of bounded context switching with dynamic thread creation
arXiv - CS - Formal Languages and Automata Theory Pub Date : 2020-11-11 , DOI: arxiv-2011.05825
Pascal Baumann and Rupak Majumdar and Ramanathan S. Thinniyam and Georg Zetzsche

Dynamic networks of concurrent pushdown systems (DCPS) are a theoretical model for multi-threaded recursive programs with shared global state and dynamical creation of threads. The (global) state reachability problem for DCPS is undecidable in general, but Atig et al. (2009) showed that it becomes decidable, and is in 2EXPSPACE, when each thread is restricted to a fixed number of context switches. The best known lower bound for the problem is EXPSPACE-hard and this lower bound follows already when each thread is a finite-state machine and runs atomically to completion (i.e., does not switch contexts). In this paper, we close the gap by showing that state reachability is 2EXPSPACE-hard already with only one context switch. Interestingly, state reachability analysis is in EXPSPACE both for pushdown threads without context switches as well as for finite-state threads with arbitrary context switches. Thus, recursive threads together with a single context switch provide an exponential advantage. Our proof techniques are of independent interest for 2EXPSPACE-hardness results. We introduce transducer-defined Petri nets, a succinct representation for Petri nets, and show coverability is 2EXPSPACE-hard for this model. To show 2EXPSPACE-hardness, we present a modified version of Lipton's simulation of counter machines by Petri nets, where the net programs can make explicit recursive procedure calls up to a bounded depth.

中文翻译:

动态线程创建的有界上下文切换的复杂性

并发下推系统(DCPS)的动态网络是多线程递归程序的理论模型,具有共享全局状态和线程的动态创建。DCPS 的(全局)状态可达性问题通常是不可判定的,但 Atig 等人。(2009) 表明它变得可判定,并且在 2EXPSPACE 中,当每个线程被限制为固定数量的上下文切换时。该问题最著名的下限是 EXPSPACE-hard 并且当每个线程都是有限状态机并以原子方式运行完成(即不切换上下文)时,该下限已经遵循。在本文中,我们通过展示状态可达性已经是 2EXPSPACE-hard 来缩小差距,并且只有一个上下文切换。有趣的是,EXPSPACE 中的状态可达性分析既适用于没有上下文切换的下推线程,也适用于具有任意上下文切换的有限状态线程。因此,递归线程与单个上下文切换一起提供了指数优势。我们的证明技术对 2EXPSPACE 硬度结果具有独立意义。我们引入了传感器定义的 Petri 网,这是 Petri 网的简洁表示,并表明该模型的可覆盖性为 2EXPSPACE-hard。为了显示 2EXPSPACE 硬度,我们提出了 Lipton 通过 Petri 网模拟计数器的修改版本,其中网络程序可以进行明确的递归过程调用,直到有界深度。我们的证明技术对 2EXPSPACE 硬度结果具有独立意义。我们引入了传感器定义的 Petri 网,这是 Petri 网的简洁表示,并表明该模型的可覆盖性为 2EXPSPACE-hard。为了显示 2EXPSPACE 硬度,我们提出了 Lipton 通过 Petri 网模拟计数器的修改版本,其中网络程序可以进行明确的递归过程调用,直到有界深度。我们的证明技术对 2EXPSPACE 硬度结果具有独立意义。我们引入了传感器定义的 Petri 网,这是 Petri 网的简洁表示,并表明该模型的可覆盖性为 2EXPSPACE-hard。为了显示 2EXPSPACE 硬度,我们提出了 Lipton 通过 Petri 网模拟计数器的修改版本,其中网络程序可以进行明确的递归过程调用,直到有界深度。
更新日期:2020-11-19
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