Multimetallic nanomaterials containing noble metals (NM) and non-noble 3d-transition metals (3d-TMs) exhibit unique catalytic properties as a result of the synergistic combination of NMs and 3d-TMs in the nanostructure. The exploration of such a synergy depends heavily on the understanding of the atomic-scale structural details of NMs and 3d-TMs in the nanomaterials. This has attracted a great deal of recent interest in the field of catalysis science, especially concerning the core–shell and alloy nanostructures. A rarely asked question of fundamental significance is how the core–shell and alloy structural arrangements of atoms in the multimetallic nanomaterials dynamically change under reaction conditions, including reaction temperature, surface adsorbate, chemical environment, applied electrochemical potential, etc. The dynamic evolution of the core–shell/alloy structures under the reaction conditions plays a crucial role in the catalytic performance of the multimetallic nanocatalysts.

中文翻译：

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多金属纳米材料的动态核-壳和合金结构及其催化协同作用

包含贵金属（NM）和非贵金属3d-过渡金属（3d-TMs）的多金属纳米材料由于纳米结构中NMs和3d-TM的协同结合而表现出独特的催化性能。这种协同作用的探索在很大程度上取决于对纳米材料中NM和3d-TM原子级结构细节的理解。这引起了催化科学领域的大量关注，特别是关于核-壳和合金纳米结构。很少有人问到具有根本意义的问题是，多金属纳米材料中原子的核-壳和合金结构排列如何在反应条件下动态变化，包括反应温度，表面吸附物，化学环境，施加的电化学势等。