Many mammals have evolved to be social creatures. In humans, the ability to learn from others' experiences is essential to survival; and from an early age, individuals are surrounded by a social environment that helps them develop a variety of skills, such as walking, talking, and avoiding danger. Similarly, in rodents, behaviors, such as food preference, exploration of novel contexts, and social approach, can be learned through social interaction. Social encounters facilitate new learning and help modify preexisting memories throughout the lifespan of an organism. Moreover, social encounters can help buffer stress or the effects of negative memories, as well as extinguish maladaptive behaviors. Given the importance of such interactions, there has been increasing work studying social learning and applying its concepts in a wide range of fields, including psychotherapy and medical sociology. The process of social learning, including its neural and behavioral mechanisms, has also been a rapidly growing field of interest in neuroscience. However, the term "social learning" has been loosely applied to a variety of psychological phenomena, often without clear definition or delineations. Therefore, this review gives a definition for specific aspects of social learning, provides an overview of previous work at the circuit, systems, and behavioral levels, and finally, introduces new findings on the social modulation of learning. We contextualize such social processes in the brain both through the role of the hippocampus and its capacity to process "social engrams" as well as through the brainwide realization of social experiences. With the integration of new technologies, such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, and calcium imaging, manipulating social engrams will likely offer a novel therapeutic target to enhance the positive buffering effects of social experiences or to inhibit fear-inducing social stimuli in models of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.

许多哺乳动物已经进化为社交动物。在人类中，学习他人经验的能力对生存至关重要。从很小的时候开始，人们就被社交环境所包围，可以帮助他们发展各种技能，例如走路，说话和避免危险。同样，在啮齿动物中，可以通过社交互动来学习诸如食物偏好，探索新环境和社交方法等行为。社交交流促进了新的学习，并有助于在生物的整个生命周期中改变先前的记忆。此外，社交聚会可以帮助缓解压力或负面记忆的影响，并消除不良适应行为。鉴于此类互动的重要性，人们越来越多地研究社会学习并将其概念应用于广泛的领域，包括心理治疗和医学社会学。社会学习的过程，包括其神经和行为机制，也一直是神经科学领域快速发展的兴趣领域。但是，“社会学习”一词被广泛地应用于各种心理现象，通常没有明确的定义或描述。因此，本综述为社会学习的特定方面提供了定义，概述了以前在回路，系统和行为层面的工作，最后介绍了关于学习的社会调节的新发现。我们通过海马的作用及其处理“社会信息”的能力，以及通过在大脑范围内实现社交体验，来对大脑中的这种社会过程进行情境化。随着新技术的整合，