Sterile oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) is a problematic weed in winter crops of Australia. Biotypes of sterile oat adapted to the local environment may vary in environmental plasticity, which could increase their invasiveness. A 2‐yr (winter growing seasons of 2018 and 2019) study in Australia investigated the influence of planting date (early, mid‐, and late season) on the growth and reproduction potential of six biotypes (AL2/17, AL3/17, AL4/17, AL5/17, AL6/17, and AL9/17) of sterile oat. Averaged across biotypes, the seed production of sterile oat was reduced by 21 and 84% for mid‐ and late planting, respectively, compared with early planting (2,660 seeds plant⁻¹). Seed production was highly correlated with the first panicle emergence for early planting. However, for mid‐ and late‐season planting, seed production was correlated with panicle number and plant biomass. For mid‐season planting, taller plants had more seed number plant⁻¹ than shorter plants. The results of this study imply that biotypes of sterile oat differ in environmental plasticity and that they can complete their life cycle under a wide range of temperatures in the winter season and contribute to its reinfestation. Results also suggest that early and mid‐season cohorts are prolific in seed production; however, late cohorts can also produce sufficient seeds for reinfestation. Therefore, integrated weed management strategies must be focussed on those tactics (manipulation of sowing time and row spacing) that could create a competitive crop environment and to suppress the growth of early cohorts of sterile oat to reduce their seed production.

中文翻译：

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六种不育燕麦生物型对种植时间的生物学特性

不育燕麦（Avena ludoviciana Durieu）是澳大利亚冬季作物中有问题的杂草。适应当地环境的无菌燕麦的生物类型在环境可塑性方面可能会有所不同，这可能会增加其入侵能力。在澳大利亚进行的一项为期2年（2018年和2019年冬季生长季节）的研究，调查了播种日期（早，中期和晚季节）对六种生物型（AL2 / 17，AL3 / 17，无菌燕麦的AL4 / 17，AL5 / 17，AL6 / 17和AL9 / 17）。与早期种植相比（2,660种子植物^-1），中，晚期种植的无菌燕麦的种子产量分别降低了21％和84％）。种子生产与早期种植的第一个穗出苗高度相关。但是，对于中后期种植，种子产量与穗数和植物生物量相关。对于中期种植，较高的植物种子数更多的植物^-1比矮小的植物 这项研究的结果表明，无菌燕麦的生物类型在环境可塑性方面存在差异，并且它们可以在冬季的广泛温度范围内完成其生命周期，并有助于其再度繁殖。结果还表明，季节早期和中期队列的种子产量较高。但是，晚期队列也可以产生足够的种子以供再次侵染。因此，综合杂草管理策略必须集中在那些策略上（操纵播种时间和行距），这些策略可以创造竞争性的作物环境并抑制早期无菌燕麦的生长，从而降低种子产量。