Velocity and forces on individual plants were measured within an emergent canopy with real plant morphology and used to develop predictions for the vertical profiles of velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Two common plant species, Typha latifolia and Rotala indica, with distinctive morphology, were considered. Typha has leaves bundled at the base, and Rotala has leaves distributed over the length of the central stem. Compared to conditions with a bare bed and the same velocity, the TKE within both canopies was enhanced. For the Typha canopy, for which the frontal area increased with distance from the bed, the velocity, integral length‐scale, and TKE all decreased with distance from the bed. For the Rotala, which had a vertically uniform distribution of biomass, the velocity, integral length‐scale, and TKE were also vertically uniform. A turbulence model previously developed for random arrays of rigid cylinders was modified to predict both the vertical distribution and the channel‐average of TKE by defining the relationship between the integral length‐scale and plant morphology. The velocity profile can also be predicted from the plant morphology. Combining with the new turbulence model, the TKE profile was predicted from the channel‐average velocity and plant frontal area.

中文翻译：

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具有真实植物形态的通过新兴植被的流动中测得和预测的湍动能

在具有真实植物形态的紧急顶棚中测量了单个植物上的速度和力，并将其用于预测速度和湍动能（TKE）的垂直剖面。考虑了两种常见的植物形态，即香蒲和印度轮状Rot，它们具有独特的形态。香蒲的叶子在基部被捆扎，而罗塔拉的叶子则分布在中央茎的整个长度上。与裸床和相同速度的条件相比，两个顶篷中的TKE都得到了增强。对于香蒲冠层，额叶面积随着与床的距离，速度，积分长度尺度和TKE随离床的距离而降低。对于生物量在垂直方向上均一分布的Rotala，其速度，积分长度尺度和TKE也是垂直均一的。通过定义积分长度尺度与植物形态之间的关系，修改了以前为刚性圆柱体随机阵列开发的湍流模型，以预测TKE的垂直分布和通道平均。速度分布也可以根据植物形态来预测。结合新的湍流模型，从通道平均速度和植物额叶面积预测了TKE轮廓。