Applying poultry litter (PL) to meet a crop's P need is the most recommended PL management practice but may not be the most ideal. In this study, alternative management strategies that included the rotations of crops and fertilizers were tested. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were grown in rotation and fertilized with five fertility treatments, which included an unfertilized control, a standard fertilization with conventional synthetic fertilizers (Std), P‐based PL application every year for 5 yr (P5L), N‐based PL application every year for 5 yr (N5L), and N‐based PL application each of the first 2 yr and a synthetic N application at the same rate as the Std in the last 3 yr (N2L). The level of residual soil mineral elements was assessed after 5 yr of imposing these treatments. The results showed that, relative to the Std, the N5L treatment elevated extractable soil P, Cu, and Zn by >100% and soil K and Mg by ≈90%. After 5 yr, soil nutrient levels in the N2L treatment were comparable to the P5L treatment, which did not lead to any nutrient buildup. Rotating crops was not a reliable practice for purposes of managing soil nutrient buildup. The results overall show that applying PL at a relatively high rate to meet the N need of cotton for a few years and suspending the application for 2–3 yr during which only synthetic N fertilizer is applied offers an effective and sustainable PL management strategy in row crop production systems.

中文翻译：

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重复使用家禽垫料后通过轮作作物和施肥来管理土壤养分积累

推荐使用家禽垫料（PL）满足作物的P需求，但这并不是最理想的做法。在这项研究中，测试了包括轮作和肥料的替代管理策略。棉花（陆地棉），玉米（玉米）和大豆[ Glycine max[L.）Merr。]轮作并施以五种育肥措施，其中包括未施肥的对照，常规合成肥料的标准施肥（Std），每年基于P的PL施用5年（P5L），N每年进行5年（N5L）的基于PL的施药，前2年中的每个基于N的PL施用，以及与最近3年（N2L）的Std相同的合成N施用率。实施这些处理5年后，评估了土壤残留矿质元素的水平。结果表明，相对于Std，N5L处理使可提取的土壤P，Cu和Zn增加了100％以上，而土壤K和Mg则增加了约90％。5年后，N2L处理的土壤养分水平与P5L处理相当，这不会导致任何养分积累。为了管理土壤养分积累，轮作作物不是可靠的做法。总体结果表明，以较高的比例施用PL可以满足棉花的氮需求数年，并且在仅施用合成氮肥的情况下暂停2-3年的施用可以连续提供有效且可持续的PL管理策略。作物生产系统。