Reproduction and immunity are energy intensive, intimately linked processes in most organisms. In women, pregnancy is associated with widespread immunological adaptations that alter immunity to many diseases, whereas, immune dysfunction has emerged as a major cause for infertility in both men and women. Deciphering the molecular bases of this dynamic association is inherently challenging in mammals. This relationship has been traditionally studied in fast‐living, invertebrate species, often in the context of resource allocation between life history traits. More recently, these studies have advanced our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the immunity‐fertility dialogue. Here, we review the molecular connections between reproduction and immunity from the perspective of human pregnancy to mechanistic discoveries in laboratory organisms. We focus particularly on recent invertebrate studies identifying conserved signaling pathways and transcription factors that regulate resource allocation and shape the balance between reproductive status and immune health.

中文翻译：

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免疫力和生育力之间的分子拉锯战：保守的信号传导途径和调节机制的出现

在大多数生物中，生殖和免疫是耗能的，紧密联系的过程。在女性中，怀孕与广泛的免疫学适应能力相关，从而改变了对许多疾病的免疫力，而免疫功能障碍已成为导致男性和女性不育的主要原因。解密这种动态关联的分子基础在哺乳动物中固有地具有挑战性。传统上，通常在生活史特征之间的资源分配的背景下，对这种关系进行过研究，涉及速生无脊椎动物。最近，这些研究提高了我们对免疫-生育对话的机械基础的理解。在这里，我们从人类怀孕到实验室生物机制发现的角度回顾了生殖与免疫之间的分子联系。