Abstract Hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2) nanoparticles are hybridized inside the pores of activated carbon (AC) for preparing electrochemical capacitor electrodes. The hybridization consists of the adsorption of an organoruthenium complex and subsequent heat treatment to reduce the complex into Ru nanoparticles within the AC pores, followed by the electrochemical oxidation of the resulting Ru nanoparticles into hydrous RuO2 nanoparticles. Two kinds of AC with only micropores and both micropores and mesopores of ∼4 nm are examined to study the effects of pore sizes on the charge/discharge characteristics of the AC/RuO2 hybrids. Since the introduction of hydrous RuO2 nanoparticles is not accompanied by the volumetric expansion of the AC particles, the volumetric capacity is enhanced in comparison with the pristine AC. However, the capacitance retention at high charge/discharge rates is decreased by micropores or an excessive amount of the hydrous RuO2 nanoparticles. This method is free from the use of any organic solvent, concomitant solvent removal and drying process, or reducing and oxidizing regents, and therefore, can be used to synthesize porous carbon/metal oxide nanoparticles for versatile applications.

中文翻译：

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孔径对活性炭孔内负载的含水RuO2纳米颗粒电荷存储的影响研究

摘要 水合氧化钌 (RuO2) 纳米粒子在活性炭 (AC) 的孔内杂化以制备电化学电容器电极。杂化包括有机钌络合物的吸附和随后的热处理以将络合物还原为 AC 孔内的 Ru 纳米粒子，然后将所得的 Ru 纳米粒子电化学氧化为含水的 RuO2 纳米粒子。研究了两种只有微孔的活性炭以及约 4 nm 的微孔和中孔，以研究孔径对 AC/RuO2 杂化物充放电特性的影响。由于水合 RuO2 纳米粒子的引入不伴随 AC 粒子的体积膨胀，因此与原始 AC 相比，体积容量有所提高。然而，微孔或过量的含水 RuO2 纳米颗粒会降低高充电/放电速率下的电容保持率。该方法不使用任何有机溶剂，不使用伴随的溶剂去除和干燥过程，也不使用还原剂和氧化剂，因此可用于合成多孔碳/金属氧化物纳米颗粒，用于多种应用。