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The blossoming of quantum mechanics in Italy: the roots, the context and the first spreading in Italian universities (1900–1947)
The European Physical Journal H ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 , DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10044-0
Adele La Rana , Paolo Rossi

The widespread positivist approach of physics research in Italy at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries did not provide a fertile ground for the scientific debate on the atomic structure of matter, which instead raged beyond the Alps in those same years and which gave birth, during the 1920s, to the quantum revolution. Experimental investigations in spectroscopy and radioactivity were carried out with discrete success in the 1910s and early 1920s by Italian physicists such as Antonino Lo Surdo and Rita Brunetti in Florence, stimulating an empirical knowledge of early quantum theory and the acquisition of the related laboratory skills. However, the theoretical framework necessary for the reception and development of the postulates and formalisms of quantum mechanics started to be cultivated in Italy with a delay of a few decades compared to Central European countries. The diffusion of quantum studies – with their unprecedented drive toward an integration of experiment and theory – took hold in Italy beginning from the establishment of the first theoretical physics chairs (1926) at the Universities of Rome, Florence and Milan, whose origins are here described in detail. Furthermore, the present paper presents a systematic analysis of the appearance of the quantum mechanical concepts in Italian university courses between 1927 and 1947.



中文翻译:

量子力学在意大利的蓬勃发展:起源,背景和在意大利大学中的首次传播(1900-1947年)

在十九世纪和二十世纪初,意大利广泛采用实证主义的物理学研究方法,并未为有关物质原子结构的科学辩论提供沃土,反而在同一年肆虐阿尔卑斯山,并由此诞生了,在1920年代,到了量子革命。1910年代和1920年代初,诸如佛罗伦萨的Antonino Lo Surdo和Rita Brunetti等意大利物理学家在光谱学和放射性方面进行了实验性研究,并获得了不同的成功,这激发了早期量子理论的经验知识,并获得了相关的实验室技能。然而,与中欧国家相比,意大利开始培育了接受和发展量子力学的假设和形式主义所必需的理论框架,但延迟了几十年。自从在罗马,佛罗伦萨和米兰大学建立第一批理论物理学教席(1926年)开始,意大利就开始进行量子研究的传播,并以前所未有的方式推动了实验与理论的融合。详细。此外,本文对1927年至1947年间意大利大学课程中量子力学概念的出现进行了系统的分析。自从在罗马,佛罗伦萨和米兰大学建立第一批理论物理学教席(1926年)开始,意大利就开始进行量子研究的传播,并以前所未有的方式将实验与理论相结合。详细。此外,本文对1927年至1947年间意大利大学课程中量子力学概念的出现进行了系统的分析。自从在罗马,佛罗伦萨和米兰大学建立第一批理论物理学教席(1926年)开始,意大利就开始进行量子研究的传播,并以前所未有的方式推动了实验与理论的融合。详细。此外,本文对1927年至1947年间意大利大学课程中量子力学概念的出现进行了系统的分析。

更新日期:2020-11-12
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