Using data on the distribution of temperatures in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, large-scale structures of spatial and temporal variations of these temperatures are investigated. A structure is found which is almost identical to the spatial and temporal sea surface temperature (SST) structure that is characteristic of the recently found Global Atmospheric Oscillation. Variations in water temperature in a near-equatorial zone of the Pacific Ocean at depths up to about 150 m behave themselves in the same way as variations in sea surface height and SST. At even greater depths, variations in water temperature reveal a “striped” structure, which is, however, overall similar to that of SST variations. Variations of water temperature at depths in all three oceans spread from east to west along the equator with a period of 14 months. This makes it possible to think that the dynamics of these temperatures are controlled by the so-called Pole tides. The surface North Pacific Pole Tide was found previously responsible for excitation of El Niño. The deep Pole tides in the Southern Atlantic and Southern Indian Ocean appear to be triggers of the Atlantic El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Thus, IOD manifests itself at the depth of the thermocline more clearly than on the surface of the Indian Ocean. The out-of-phase behavior of El Niño and IOD is explained by the 180° difference in the longitudes of these phenomena.

中文翻译：

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海洋深度温度变化与全球大气振荡之间的相互关系

利用太平洋、印度洋和大西洋的温度分布数据，研究了这些温度的空间和时间变化的大尺度结构。发现的结构几乎与最近发现的全球大气振荡特征的时空海面温度 (SST) 结构相同。太平洋近赤道区深度达 150 m 处的水温变化与海面高度和 SST 的变化表现相同。在更深的地方，水温的变化显示出一种“条纹”结构，但总体上与 SST 变化相似。三大洋深处水温的变化沿赤道由东向西传播，周期为14个月。这使得人们可以认为这些温度的动态是由所谓的极地潮汐控制的。先前发现地表北太平洋极地潮汐是激发厄尔尼诺现象的原因。南大西洋和南印度洋的深极潮汐似乎是大西洋厄尔尼诺现象和印度洋偶极子 (IOD) 的触发因素。因此，IOD 在温跃层深处比在印度洋表面更清楚地表现出来。厄尔尼诺现象和 IOD 的异相行为可以用这些现象的 180° 经度差来解释。南大西洋和南印度洋的深极潮汐似乎是大西洋厄尔尼诺现象和印度洋偶极子 (IOD) 的触发因素。因此，IOD 在温跃层深处比在印度洋表面更清楚地表现出来。厄尔尼诺现象和 IOD 的异相行为可以用这些现象的 180° 经度差来解释。南大西洋和南印度洋的深极潮汐似乎是大西洋厄尔尼诺现象和印度洋偶极子 (IOD) 的触发因素。因此，IOD 在温跃层深处比在印度洋表面更清楚地表现出来。厄尔尼诺现象和 IOD 的异相行为可以用这些现象的 180° 经度差来解释。