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Allelic diversity study of functional genes in East Africa bread wheat highlights opportunities for genetic improvement
Molecular Breeding ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s11032-020-01185-x
Mercy Wamalwa , Zerihun Tadesse , Lucy Muthui , Nasser Yao , Habtemariam Zegeye , Mandeep Randhawa , Ruth Wanyera , Cristobal Uauy , Oluwaseyi Shorinola

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple crop in East Africa (EA) providing 9% and 10% of daily calories and protein intake, respectively. However, EA countries depend on import to meet 55% of their domestic wheat supplies due to increasing demands and low domestic yields. To determine the beneficial gene pool currently exploited for wheat improvement in EA, we examined the allelic diversity of 39 genes of breeding importance in a collection of 239 wheat cultivars and breeding lines from Kenya and Ethiopia using KASP markers. The assayed genes have been shown to control variations in plant height, thousand kernel weight (TKW), grain protein content, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), disease resistance, and flowering time. We observed the beneficial alleles of some major genes including Gpc-B1, Yr5, Yr15, Sr26, and Fhb1 to be missing or present at low frequencies in this population. Furthermore, we validated the effects of the major Rht-1 alleles and TaCKX-D1 in controlling variation in plant height and thousand kernel weight, respectively, under EA conditions. Our results uncover hitherto unexploited allelic diversity that can be used to improve the genetic potential of EA wheat germplasm. This will inform strategies to rapidly mobilize these beneficial alleles for wheat improvement in EA.



中文翻译:

东非面包小麦功能基因的等位基因多样性研究突出了遗传改良的机会

小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是东非(EA)的主要主粮,分别提供每日卡路里和蛋白质摄入量的9%和10%。然而,由于需求增加和国内单产较低,EA国家依靠进口来满足其国内小麦供应的55%。为了确定目前在EA中用于小麦改良的有益基因库,我们使用KASP标记检查了肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的239个小麦品种和育种系中3​​9个具有重要育种意义的基因的等位基因多样性。已证明分析的基因可控制植物高度,千粒重(TKW),谷物蛋白含量,收获前发芽(PHS),抗病性和开花时间的变化。我们观察到了一些主要基因的有益等位基因,包括Gpc-B1Yr5Yr15Sr26Fhb1在此人群中缺失或出现频率较低。此外,我们验证了主要的Rht-1等位基因和TaCKX-D1在EA条件下分别控制植物高度和千粒重变化的作用。我们的结果揭示了迄今尚未开发的等位基因多样性,可用于提高EA小麦种质的遗传潜力。这将为迅速动员这些有益等位基因改善EA小麦的策略提供参考。

更新日期:2020-11-12
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