Linum usitatissimum is a candidate as a remedy to treat prostate problems in some folklore medicines. In this study, we have reported the phenolic and flavonoid constituents, antioxidant activity, and potential of the plant extract against prostate cancer cells. The phenolic and flavonoid compound profile of the extract were established using HPLC analysis. While the total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) were analyzed using classic methods. The antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated. MTT assay and flow cytometry technique was used to evaluate antiproliferation activity and induction apoptosis of the plant extract on prostate cancer cells of LNCaP. We also evaluated the gene expression of Bax and caspase-3 using the real-time qPCR assay. HPLC result revealed that L. usitatissimum extract (LUE) was rich in phenolic acids such as gallic, ferulic, and vanillic acid with the amount of 3.56, 2.12, 1.24 μg/g extract respectively. 383.4 mg GAE/g and 47.1 mgRuE/g were calculated for total phenolic and flavonoid content. LUE exhibited radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ = 19.3 ± 1.1 µg/mL. LUE chelated ferrous ions with IC₅₀ = 121.1 ± 1.3 µg/mL. LUE showed anti-proliferative activity on LNCaP cells with the IC₅₀ values of 8.3, 6.3, and 5.4 μg/mL after 24, 48, and 72 h treatment. LUE also increased cell mortality by inducing apoptosis (15.3–29.8%). The real-time qPCR results exhibited an increase in gene expression of Bax and caspase-3. Our in vitro study demonstrates that L. usitatissimum can be considered as an effective agent to inhibit the growth and invasion the human prostate cancer cells.

Linum usitatissimum是一些民间传说药物中治疗前列腺问题的候选药物。在这项研究中，我们报告了植物提取物的酚类和类黄酮成分、抗氧化活性以及抗前列腺癌细胞的潜力。使用 HPLC 分析确定提取物的酚类和类黄酮化合物谱。同时使用经典方法分析总酚和类黄酮含量（TPC 和 TFC）。还评估了提取物的抗氧化活性。采用MTT法和流式细胞术技术评价植物提取物对LNCaP前列腺癌细胞的抗增殖活性和诱导凋亡活性。我们还使用实时 qPCR 检测评估了 Bax 和 caspase-3 的基因表达。HPLC结果显示，L.usitatissimum提取物(LUE)富含没食子酸、阿魏酸和香草酸等酚酸，含量分别为3.56、2.12、1.24 μg/g提取物。经计算，总酚和类黄酮含量为 383.4 mg GAE/g 和 47.1 mgRuE/g。LUE 表现出自由基清除活性，IC ₅₀  = 19.3 ± 1.1 µg/mL。LUE 螯合亚铁离子，IC ₅₀  = 121.1 ± 1.3 µg/mL。LUE对LNCaP细胞表现出抗增殖活性，处理24、48和72小时后的IC _{50值为8.3、6.3和5.4 μg/mL。}LUE 还通过诱导细胞凋亡增加细胞死亡率 (15.3–29.8%)。实时 qPCR 结果显示 Bax 和 caspase-3 基因表达增加。我们的体外研究表明，L. usitatissimum可以被认为是抑制人类前列腺癌细胞生长和侵袭的有效药物。