We aimed to investigate whether combination of vitamin D and iron supplementation, comparing vitamin D alone, could modify bone turnover, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and metabolic markers. Eighty-seven women with hemoglobin (Hb) ≤ 12.7 g/dL and 25OHD ≤ 29 ng/mL vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency aged 18-45 years were randomly assigned into two groups: (1) receiving either 1000 IU/day vitamin D3 plus 27 mg/day iron (D-Fe); (2) vitamin D3 plus placebo supplements (D-P), for 12 weeks. In D-Fe group, significant decrease in red blood cells (RBC) (P = 0.001) and hematocrit (Hct) (P = 0.004) and increases in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P = 0.001), 25OHD (P < 0.001), osteocalcin (P < 0.001), high-density cholesterol (HDL) (P = 0.041), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P < 0.001) were observed. D-P group showed significant decrease in RBC (P < 0.001), Hb (P < 0.001), Hct (P < 0.001), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P = 0.004), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (P < 0.001), MCHC (P = 0.005), serum ferritin (P < 0.001), and low-density cholesterol (LDL) (P = 0.016) and increases of 25OHD (P < 0.001), osteocalcin (P < 0.001), C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) (P = 0.025), triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.004), FBS (P < 0.001), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = 0.001) at week 12. After the intervention, the D-P group had between-group increases in mean change in the osteocalcin (P = 0.007) and IL-6 (P = 0.033), and decreases in the RBC (P < 0.001), Hb (P < 0.001), Hct (P < 0.001), and MCV (P = 0.001), compared with the D-Fe group. There were significant between-group changes in MCH (P < 0.001), MCHC (P < 0.001), ferritin (P < 0.001), and serum iron (P = 0.018). Iron-vitamin D co-supplementation does not yield added benefits for improvement of bone turnover, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and metabolic markers, whereas, vitamin D alone may have some detrimental effects on inflammatory and metabolic markers. IRCT registration number: IRCT201409082365N9.

中文翻译：

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服用铁加维生素 D 补充剂的女性的骨转换、炎症、氧化应激和代谢标志物的变化：一项随机临床试验。

我们旨在调查维生素 D 和铁补充剂的组合，单独比较维生素 D，是否可以改变骨转换、炎症、氧化应激和代谢标志物。87 名 18-45 岁血红蛋白 (Hb) ≤ 12.7 g/dL 和 25OHD ≤ 29 ng/mL 维生素 D 缺乏/不足的女性被随机分为两组：(1) 接受 1000 IU/天的维生素 D3 加27 毫克/天的铁 (D-Fe); (2)维生素D3加安慰剂补充剂(DP)，持续12周。在 D-Fe 组中，红细胞 (RBC) (P = 0.001) 和血细胞比容 (Hct) (P = 0.004) 显着降低，平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度 (MCHC) 增加 (P = 0.001)，25OHD (P < 0.001)、骨钙素 (P < 0.001)、高密度胆固醇 (HDL) (P = 0.041) 和空腹血糖 (FBS) (P < 0.001)。DP组显示RBC（P < 0.001）、Hb（P < 0.001）、Hct（P < 0.001）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）（P = 0.004）、平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCH）（P < 0.001）显着降低、MCHC (P = 0.005)、血清铁蛋白 (P < 0.001) 和低密度胆固醇 (LDL) (P = 0.016) 以及 25OHD (P < 0.001)、骨钙素 (P < 0.001)、C 端端肽的增加(CTX) (P = 0.025)、甘油三酯 (TG) (P = 0.004)、FBS (P < 0.001) 和白细胞介素 6 (IL-6) (P = 0.001) 在第 12 周。干预后，DP组间骨钙素 (P = 0.007) 和 IL-6 (P = 0.033) 的平均变化增加，RBC (P < 0.001)、Hb (P < 0.001)、Hct (P < 0.001) 减少) 和 MCV (P = 0.001)，与 D-Fe 组相比。MCH (P < 0.001)、MCHC (P < 0.001)、铁蛋白 (P < 0.001) 和血清铁 (P = 0.018)。铁-维生素 D 联合补充剂不会对改善骨转换、炎症、氧化应激和代谢标志物产生额外的好处，而单独使用维生素 D 可能会对炎症和代谢标志物产生一些不利影响。IRCT注册号：IRCT201409082365N9。