The paradodecatungstate anions covered in this review span a continuum from molecular clusters to morphology-controlled tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nanomaterials. The synthesized cluster compounds by using paradodecatungstate anions with various metal ions have various applications as precursors for the fabrication of tungsten carbide (WC), tungsten nitride (WN_x) and tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nanomaterials. The relationship between the synthetic approaches for the synthesis of morphology-controlled WO₃ and their potential applications (such as photocatalytic activity, photodegradation, oxidation process, sensing and adsorption) has enhanced research interest in thoroughlyanalyzing these nanomaterials. Furthermore, some of the main synthetic approaches to synthesize WO₃ and their hydrates (for improving the surface area, pore size and volume) are systematically summarized and highlighted. It is projected that this review article could propose strategies for designing hierarchical WO₃-based nanomaterials with low expenditure and high competence, which could possess a promising scenario of applications to meet the urgent demand of nanomaterials with variable morphologies, such as nanorods, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibres, nanosheets, nanoplates, nanoflowers and nanoflakes. The objectives of this review are to thoroughly study the various aspects for the synthesis and design of novel WO₃ with low cost and high efficiency, the role of the paradodecatungstate anion-based clusters as precursors in their synthesis, and to apply these nanomaterials for various potential applications. Recent progress in the nano-sized WO₃ and their hydrates has made their prospective applications even more attractive to researchers, bringing in colossal research challenges and even terrific opportunities for more constructive applications.

中文翻译：

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从簇到形态控制的纳米材料的对十二碳酸盐态阴离子的合理组装

这篇综述中涵盖的仲十二碳酸盐阴离子涵盖了从分子簇到形态控制的三氧化钨（WO ₃）纳米材料的连续体。通过使用具有各种金属离子的仲十二钨酸盐阴离子合成的簇化合物具有各种用途，作为制造碳化钨（WC），氮化钨（WN _x）和三氧化钨（WO ₃）纳米材料的前体。形态受控的WO ₃的合成方法之间的关系它们的潜在应用（例如光催化活性，光降解，氧化过程，传感和吸附）已增强了对这些纳米材料进行全面分析的研究兴趣。此外，系统地总结并强调了一些合成WO ₃及其水合物的主要合成方法（用于改善表面积，孔径和体积）。预计该评论文章可以提出设计分层WO _3的策略。低成本和高能力的基于纳米的纳米材料，可能具有广阔的应用前景，可以满足各种形态的纳米材料的紧迫需求，例如纳米棒，纳米管，纳米线，纳米纤维，纳米片，纳米板，纳米花和纳米薄片。这篇综述的目的是彻底研究低成本和高效率的新型WO ₃的合成和设计的各个方面，基于对位仲钨酸根阴离子的团簇在其合成中的作用，并将这些纳米材料应用于各种用途。潜在的应用。纳米WO _3的最新进展 它们的水合物使它们的预期应用对研究人员更具吸引力，带来了巨大的研究挑战，甚至为更富建设性的应用带来了巨大的机遇。