Septoria tritici blotch (STB) (Zymoseptoria tritici) is a major disease of durum wheat, an economic crop grown in the highlands of Wollo in Ethiopia. To determine the status of this disease, we conducted surveys in five districts of Wollo (Meket, Woreilu, Wadila, Jama, and Dessie Zuria) during the 2015 cropping season. We visited 75 farm plots to determine the prevalence, incidence, and severity of STB. STB prevalence varied among locations, genotypes, planting dates, growth stages, previous crops, plant population, weed population, and soil types. Similarly, disease intensity also varied along all independent variables. The level of incidence was high in all the visited districts, and the level severity ranged from 9.9 to 59.3% while the incidence varied from 50 to 100%. The mean differences in incidence and severity within the districts’ variable classes, altitude, varieties, growth stage, plant population, planting date, previous crop, weed population, and soil type were high. The independent variables, districts, altitude, varieties, growth stage, plant population, planting date, previous crops, weed population, and soil type, were significantly associated with high incidence and severity of STB as single predictor in the logistic regression model. A reduced multiple variable model was fitted using districts, altitude, varieties, growth stage, plant population, planting date, previous crop, weed population, and soil type as independent variables. High incidence (> 50%) and severity (> 25%) had a high probability of association to all independent variables, except previous crop. Low disease incidence (≤ 50%) and low disease severity (≤ 25%) had high probability of association to the previous crop. Environmental variables, cultivation practice, and responses were important for the development of STB. Therefore, these factors must be considered in designing strategies for the effective management of STB.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚Wollo高地硬质小麦（Triticum turgidum）的小麦枯萎病（Zymoseptoria tritici）的流行病学因素。

小麦黑斑病（STB）（Zymoseptoria tritici）是硬质小麦的主要病害，硬质小麦是埃塞俄比亚Wollo高地上种植的一种经济作物。为了确定这种疾病的状况，我们在2015种植季节期间对Wollo的五个地区（Meket，Woreilu，Wadila，Jama和Dessie Zuria）进行了调查。我们访问了75个农田，以确定机顶盒的患病率，发病率和严重程度。机顶盒流行率随地点，基因型，播种日期，生长阶段，以前的作物，植物种群，杂草种群和土壤类型而异。同样，疾病强度也沿所有自变量变化。在所有访问过的地区中，发生率都很高，严重程度在9.9％至59.3％之间，而发生率在50％至100％之间。这些地区的变量类别，海拔高度，品种，生长阶段，植物种群，播种日期，以前的作物，杂草种群和土壤类型在发病率和严重程度上的平均差异很大。在逻辑回归模型中，独立变量，地区，海拔，品种，生长阶段，植物种群，播种日期，以前的作物，杂草种群和土壤类型与机顶盒的高发生率和严重程度显着相关。使用地区，海拔，品种，生长阶段，植物种群，播种日期，以前的作物，杂草种群和土壤类型作为自变量来拟合简化多元变量模型。高发生率（> 50％）和严重程度（> 25％）与所有自变量相关的可能性很高，除了先前的作物。低病害发生率（≤50％）和低病害严重度（≤25％）与先前作物有较高的关联性。环境变量，栽培实践和应对措施对于机顶盒的发展至关重要。因此，在设计有效管理机顶盒的策略时必须考虑这些因素。