Membranes are ubiquitous in nature with primary functions that include adaptive filtering and selective transport of chemical/molecular species. Being critical to cellular functions, they are also fundamental in many areas of science and technology. Of particular importance are the adaptive and programmable membranes that can change their permeability or selectivity depending on the environment. Here, we explore implementation of such biological functions in artificial membranes and demonstrate two-dimensional self-assembled heterostructures of graphene oxide and polyamine macromolecules, forming a network of ionic channels that exhibit regulated permeability of water and monovalent ions. This permeability can be tuned by a change of pH or the presence of certain ions. Unlike traditional membranes, the regulation mechanism reported here relies on specific interactions between the membranes’ internal components and ions. This allows fabrication of membranes with programmable, predetermined permeability and selectivity, governed by the choice of components, their conformation and their charging state.

膜在自然界中无处不在，其主要功能包括适应性过滤和化学/分子种类的选择性转运。它们对细胞功能至关重要，也是许多科学和技术领域的基础。特别重要的是自适应和可编程膜，它们可以根据环境改变它们的渗透性或选择性。在这里，我们探索了这种生物功能在人造膜中的实现，并展示了氧化石墨烯和多胺大分子的二维自组装异质结构，形成了一个离子通道网络，该网络显示出水和单价离子的可调节渗透性。这种渗透性可以通过改变 pH 值或某些离子的存在来调节。不同于传统的膜，此处报告的调节机制依赖于膜内部成分和离子之间的特定相互作用。这允许制造具有可编程的、预定的渗透性和选择性的膜，其由组分的选择、它们的构象和它们的充电状态决定。