In the present study, electrochemical sensing for urea was proposed utilizing graphene-based quaternary nanocomposites YInWO₄-G-SiO₂ (YIWGS). These YIWGS nanocomposites were utilized due to their exceptionally delicate determination of urea with the lowest detection limit (0.01 mM). These YIWGS composites were developed through a simple self-assembly method. From physical characterization, we found that the YIWGS composites are crystalline in nature (powdered X-ray diffraction), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis provided the surface functionality and bonding. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies indicated the morphology characteristics of the as-synthesized composites and the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image supported the formation of cubic or hexagonal morphology of the YIW nanocomposites. The YIWGS sensor showed a great electroanalytical sensing performance of 0.07 mM urea with a sensitivity of 0.06 mA cm^–2, an expansive linear range of 0.7–1.5 mM with a linear response (R2 1/4 0.99), and an eminent reaction time of around 2 s. It also displayed a good linear response toward urea with negligible interferences from normal coinciding species in urine samples.

中文翻译：

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基于YInWO ₄ -G-SiO ₂的尿素传感器活性材料的新设计及高性能的非酶敏性

在本研究中，提出了利用石墨烯基四元纳米复合材料YInWO ₄ -G-SiO ₂对尿素进行电化学检测的方法。（YIWGS）。之所以使用这些YIWGS纳米复合材料，是因为它们以极低的检测限（0.01 mM）对尿素进行了非常精细的测定。这些YIWGS复合材料是通过简单的自组装方法开发的。通过物理表征，我们发现YIWGS复合材料本质上是晶体（粉末X射线衍射），而傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱分析提供了表面功能和键合。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究表明了合成后的复合材料的形态特征，高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）图像支持了YIW纳米复合材料的立方或六边形形态的形成。YIWGS传感器显示出0.07 mM尿素的出色电分析传感性能，灵敏度为0.06 mA cm^–2，线性范围为0.7–1.5 mM，具有线性响应（R2 1/4 0.99），显着的反应时间约为2 s。它还显示出对尿素的良好线性响应，而尿液样本中正常重合物种的干扰可忽略不计。