ABSTRACT Alternative fuels are being used increasingly to reduce energy costs and benefit the economics of electric power industries. Olive residues could be among those alternative fuels. This paper investigates the potential use of olive biomass ash (OBA) to develop a new sustainable binder (geopolymer composite). Refined binder chemistry was developed where the alkali and silica contents of the OBA are supplemented by calcined kaolin (CK) as alumina-rich constituents targeting balanced chemistry. The results showed that optimum formulation was achieved when 40 wt-% OBA and 60 wt-% CK were blended yielding geopolymer concrete with 28-day compressive strength of 30 MPa. Further refinements were carried out by adding of CaO or NaOH. The compressive strength reached to more than 45 MPa when 5 wt-% CaO or 10 wt-% NaOH was added to the optimum blend. microstructural and mineralogical studies were performed to get insight into the microstructural changes and explain the findings. Abbreviations: ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials; CK: Calcined Kaolin; CSH: Calcium Silicate Hydrates; DTG: Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis; EDS: Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy; LOI: Loss-On-Ignition; NASH: sodium Aluminosilicate Hydrates; OBA: Olive Biomass Ash; SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy; TGA: Thermogravimetric Analysis; XRD: X-Ray Diffraction; XRF: X-Ray Fluorescence

中文翻译：

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橄榄生物质灰基地质聚合物复合材料：开发和表征

摘要 越来越多地使用替代燃料来降低能源成本并有利于电力行业的经济发展。橄榄残渣可能是这些替代燃料之一。本文研究了橄榄生物质灰 (OBA) 在开发新的可持续粘合剂（地质聚合物复合材料）方面的潜在用途。开发了精制粘合剂化学，其中 OBA 的碱和二氧化硅含量由煅烧高岭土 (CK) 补充，作为针对平衡化学的富含氧化铝的成分。结果表明，当 40 wt-% OBA 和 60 wt-% CK 混合产生具有 30 MPa 28 天抗压强度的地质聚合物混凝土时，实现了最佳配方。通过添加 CaO 或 NaOH 进行进一步的改进。当在最佳混合物中加入 5 wt% CaO 或 10 wt% NaOH 时，抗压强度达到 45 MPa 以上。进行了微观结构和矿物学研究，以深入了解微观结构变化并解释研究结果。缩写： ASTM：美国测试与材料协会；CK：煅烧高岭土；CSH：硅酸钙水合物；DTG：差示热重分析；EDS：能量色散X射线光谱；LOI：失燃；NASH：硅铝酸钠水合物；OBA：橄榄生物质灰；SEM：扫描电子显微镜；TGA：热重分析；XRD：X 射线衍射；XRF：X 射线荧光 能量色散 X 射线光谱；LOI：失燃；NASH：硅铝酸钠水合物；OBA：橄榄生物质灰；SEM：扫描电子显微镜；TGA：热重分析；XRD：X 射线衍射；XRF：X 射线荧光 能量色散 X 射线光谱；LOI：失燃；NASH：硅铝酸钠水合物；OBA：橄榄生物质灰；SEM：扫描电子显微镜；TGA：热重分析；XRD：X 射线衍射；XRF：X 射线荧光