The structure of solids and their phases is mainly determined by static Coulomb forces while the coupling of charges to the dynamical, i.e., quantized degrees of freedom of the electromagnetic field plays only a secondary role. Recently, it has been speculated that this general rule can be overcome in the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), where the coupling of dipoles to a single field mode can be dramatically enhanced. Here we present a first exact analysis of the ground states of a dipolar cavity QED system in the non-perturbative coupling regime, where electrostatic and dynamical interactions play an equally important role. Specifically, we show how strong and long-range vacuum fluctuations modify the states of dipolar matter and induce novel phases with unusual properties. Beyond a purely fundamental interest, these general mechanisms can be important for potential applications, ranging from cavity-assisted chemistry to quantum technologies based on ultrastrongly coupled circuit QED systems.

中文翻译：

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偶极腔量子电动力学的真空

固体的结构及其相主要由静态库仑力决定，而电荷与动态场的耦合即电磁场的量化自由度仅起次要作用。最近，已经推测，可以在腔量子电动力学（QED）的情况下克服该一般规则，在这种情况下，偶极子与单场模式的耦合可以显着增强。在这里，我们对偶极腔QED系统在非扰动耦合状态下的基态进行首次精确分析，其中静电和动力相互作用起着同样重要的作用。具体来说，我们显示出强而长的真空波动如何改变偶极物质的状态并诱发具有异常性质的新型相。除了纯粹的根本利益，