Wave direction and wave power are the main climate‐related drivers of large‐scale coastal morphological hazards on open sandy coastlines. El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main climate driver affecting global wave climates on interannual timescales. Hence, a quantification of wave climate variability with ENSO would aid the characterization of coastal risk as a first‐pass assessment tool. However, no such data are available on the global scale at present. To address this, this work (1) quantifies ENSO impacts on global mean wave direction and wave power, and (2) classifies the global coast according to the ENSO wave climate hazard. The correlation coefficient (R) of the Multivariate ENSO Index between wave power and mean wave direction was calculated. Then, employing a multivariate technique, the resulting R values were used to classify the global coastlines. The results show that ENSO has distinct latitudinal impacts around the world. El Niño increases the wave power of swells generated in the extra‐tropics which propagate toward the tropics, a phenomenon which is particularly notable in the Pacific Basin, while the most significant rotations in wave direction with ENSO occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes. Based on this new information, the global coastline was classified into five distinct types, depending on the directional wave climate response to ENSO.

中文翻译：

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ENSO对全球海浪气候和潜在沿海危害的影响

在开放的沙质海岸线上，波浪方向和波浪功率是与气候相关的大规模沿海形态灾害的主要驱动因素。厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）是在年际尺度上影响全球海浪气候的主要气候驱动因素。因此，用ENSO量化海浪气候变异性将有助于表征沿海风险，作为首过评估工具。但是，目前在全球范围内尚无此类数据。为了解决这个问题，这项工作1）量化了ENSO对全球平均波浪方向和波浪功率的影响，以及2）根据ENSO波浪气候危害对全球海岸进行了分类。相关系数（R）计算了波功率与平均波向之间的多元ENSO指数（MEI）。然后，采用多元技术，将所得的R值用于对全球海岸线进行分类。结果表明，ENSO在全球范围内具有明显的纬度影响。厄尔尼诺现象增加了温带向热带传播的浪潮的波功率，这种现象在太平洋盆地尤为明显，而ENSO沿波方向的最大旋转发生在热带和亚热带纬度。根据这一新信息，根据对ENSO的定向波气候响应，全球海岸线分为五种不同的类型。