The annual temperature cycle of the Earth closely follows the annual cycle of solar flux. At temperate latitudes, both driving and response cycles are well described by a strong annual sinusoidal component and a nonvanishing semiannual component. A new analysis of historical weather station records from the United States determines persistent annual and semiannual variation with high precision. Historical annual temperature ranges are consistent with prior studies. Semiannual temperature cycles are much stronger than expected based on the semiannual solar driving. Instead, these cycles were consistent with multiplicative effects of two annual cycles. Our methods provide a quantitative window into the climate's nonlinear response to solar driving, which is of potential value in testing climate models.

中文翻译：

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历史温度记录中的半年度变化过多

地球的年温度周期紧随太阳通量的年周期。在温带地区，行驶和响应周期都由强大的正弦正弦分量和无消失的半年度分量很好地描述。来自美国的历史气象站记录的新分析可以高精度确定持续的年度和半年度变化。历史年度温度范围与先前研究一致。半年度温度周期比基于半年度太阳驱动的预期强得多。相反，这些周期与两个年度周期的乘积效应相一致。我们的方法为了解气候对太阳驱动的非线性响应提供了定量窗口，这对于测试气候模型具有潜在价值。