Despite evidence that seasonal variation may lead to the persistence of competing species, studies on the effect of seasonality on community network structures are sparse. Identifying whether seasonal network changes are the result of turnover or rewiring (i.e. rearrangement of interactions among species), also remains understudied in multi‐trophic communities. Using species abundance data for 38 species over three years (from nine sites across central/eastern United States) and a novel tree‐based inference method, we constructed seasonal networks for a multi‐trophic freshwater stream fish community. We found that seasonality influences species interactions, particularly through rewiring (81%) as compared to species turnover (19%). Moreover, the number of rewiring interactions was best explained by fish status as a piscivore/non‐piscivore and species maximum length (R² = 0.41). Our findings suggest that rewiring may be a dominant process in stream fish communities experiencing seasonal environments and that traits linked to trophic‐level could be a good indicator of a species contribution to rewiring. As networks dominated by rewiring may be more robust, this network approach could be a valuable conservation tool for identifying which biological relationships must be retained for communities to avoid extinction.

中文翻译：

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推断淡水溪流鱼网的季节性相互作用重新布线

尽管有证据表明季节性变化可能导致竞争物种的持续存在，但关于季节性对社区网络结构影响的研究很少。在多营养群落中，仍需研究不足的是确定季节网络的变化是更新或重新布线的结果（即物种之间相互作用的重新安排）。利用三年（来自美国中部/东部的9个地点）的38种物种的物种丰度数据和一种新颖的基于树的推断方法，我们构建了多营养淡水河鱼类群落的季节性网络。我们发现季节性影响物种相互作用，特别是通过重新布线（81％），而不是物种更新（19％）。此外，²  = 0.41）。我们的研究结果表明，重新布线可能是经历季节性环境的溪流鱼类群落的主要过程，与营养水平相关的性状可能是物种对重新布线做出贡献的良好指标。由于以重新布线为主的网络可能会更强大，因此这种网络方法可能是一种有价值的保护工具，用于确定必须保留哪些生物学关系以使社区避免灭绝。