Maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation adversely affect lung development of their children. High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the encoded non‐histone, nuclear DNA‐binding protein that regulates transcription, and is involved in organization of DNA. Receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a receptor for HMGB1 and activates nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling. Animal and human studies have found cigarette smoke exposure upregulates RAGE expression, suggesting that the HMGB1‐RAGE pathway might be involved in maternal nicotine‐induced lung injury.

中文翻译：

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围产期尼古丁暴露会改变新生小鼠的肺发育并诱导 HMGB1-RAGE 表达

母亲在妊娠和哺乳期间接触尼古丁会对孩子的肺部发育产生不利影响。高迁移率组框 1 (HMGB1) 是编码的非组蛋白、核 DNA 结合蛋白，可调节转录，并参与 DNA 的组织。晚期糖基化终产物 (RAGE) 受体是 HMGB1 的受体，可激活核因子-κB (NF-κB) 信号传导。动物和人体研究发现香烟烟雾暴露上调 RAGE 表达，表明 HMGB1-RAGE 通路可能参与母体尼古丁诱导的肺损伤。