Enhanced fluid transport in single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) promises to enable major advancements in many membrane applications, from efficient water purification to next‐generation protective garments. Practical realization of these advancements is hampered by the challenges of fabricating large‐area, defect‐free membranes containing a high density of open, small diameter SWCNT pores. Here, large‐scale (≈60 cm²) nanocomposite membranes comprising of an ultrahigh density (1.89 × 10¹² tubes cm⁻²) of 1.7 nm SWCNTs as sole transport pathways are demonstrated. Complete opening of all conducting nanotubes in the composite enables unprecedented accuracy in quantifying the enhancement of pressure‐driven transport for both gases (>290× Knudsen prediction) and liquids (6100× no‐slip Hagen–Poiseuille prediction). Achieved water permeances (>200 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹) greatly exceed those of state‐of‐the‐art commercial nano‐ and ultrafiltration membranes of similar pore size. Fabricated membranes reject nanometer‐sized molecules, permit fractionation of dyes from concentrated salt solutions, and exhibit excellent chemical resistance. Altogether, these SWCNT membranes offer new opportunities for energy‐efficient nano‐ and ultrafiltration processes in chemically demanding environments.

中文翻译：

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具有卓越规模性能的超渗透单壁碳纳米管膜

单壁碳纳米管 (SWCNT) 增强的流体传输有望使许多膜应用取得重大进步，从高效的水净化到下一代防护服。这些进步的实际实现受到制造含有高密度开放、小直径 SWCNT 孔的大面积、无缺陷膜的挑战的阻碍。在这里，展示了由超高密度（1.89 × 10 ¹² 管 cm ^{-2 ）1.7 nm SWCNT 组成的大规模（约 60 cm 2 ）纳米复合膜作为唯一的传输途径。}复合材料中所有导电纳米管的完全打开，在量化气体（>290×克努森预测）和液体（6100×无滑移哈根-泊肃叶预测）的压力驱动输运增强方面具有前所未有的精度。所达到的水渗透率（>200 L m ^-2 h ^-1 bar ^-1）大大超过了具有相似孔径的最先进的商业纳米和超滤膜。制造的膜可以阻挡纳米尺寸的分子，允许从浓盐溶液中分离染料，并表现出优异的耐化学性。总而言之，这些单壁碳纳米管膜为化学要求较高的环境中的节能纳米和超滤过程提供了新的机会。