Many ecological and evolutionary processes are affected by urbanization, but cities vary by orders of magnitude in their human population size and areal extent. To quantify and manage urban biodiversity, one must understand both how biodiversity scales with city size, and how ecological, evolutionary, and socioeconomic drivers of biodiversity scale with city size. We show how environmental abiotic and biotic drivers, as well as human cultural and socioeconomic drivers, may act through ecological and evolutionary processes differently, at different scales, to influence patterns in urban biodiversity. Because relationships likely take linear and nonlinear forms, the need to describe the specific scaling relationships is highlighted, including deviations and potential inflection points, where different management strategies may successfully conserve urban biodiversity.

许多生态和进化过程都受到城市化的影响，但城市的人口规模和面积却相差数个数量级。为了量化和管理城市生物多样性，必须既了解生物多样性如何随城市规模扩展，又要了解生物多样性的生态，进化和社会经济驱动因素如何随城市规模扩展。我们展示了环境非生物和生物驱动因素以及人类文化和社会经济驱动因素如何通过生态和进化过程以不同的规模，不同程度起作用，以影响城市生物多样性的模式。由于关系可能采用线性和非线性形式，因此强调了描述特定比例关系的需求，包括偏差和潜在的拐点，