Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory cell organelles that are vital for tissue and organ development. They act as an antenna, receiving and transducing signals, enabling communication between cells. Defects in ciliogenesis result in severe genetic disorders collectively termed ciliopathies. In recent years, the importance of the direct and indirect involvement of actin regulators in ciliogenesis came into focus as it was shown that F-actin polymerisation impacts ciliation. The ciliary basal body was further identified as both a microtubule and actin organising centre. In the current review, we summarize recent studies on F-actin in and around primary cilia, focusing on different actin regulators and their effect on ciliogenesis, from the initial steps of basal body positioning and regulation of ciliary assembly and disassembly. Since primary cilia are also involved in several intracellular signalling pathways such as planar cell polarity (PCP), subsequently affecting actin rearrangements, the multiple effectors of this pathway are highlighted in more detail with a focus on the feedback loops connecting actin networks and cilia proteins. Finally, we elucidate the role of actin regulators in the development of ciliopathy symptoms and cancer.

初级纤毛是基于微管的感觉细胞器，对组织和器官发育至关重要。它们充当天线，接收和转换信号，实现细胞之间的通信。纤毛发生缺陷导致严重的遗传性疾病，统称为纤毛病。近年来，肌动蛋白调节剂在纤毛发生中直接和间接参与的重要性成为焦点，因为 F-肌动蛋白聚合影响纤毛。睫状基底体被进一步确定为微管和肌动蛋白组织中心。在当前的综述中，我们总结了最近对初级纤毛内和周围 F-肌动蛋白的研究，重点关注不同的肌动蛋白调节剂及其对纤毛发生的影响，从基底体定位的初始步骤和纤毛组装和拆卸的调节开始。由于初级纤毛还涉及多种细胞内信号通路，例如平面细胞极性 (PCP)，随后影响肌动蛋白重排，因此更详细地突出显示了该通路的多个效应器，重点关注连接肌动蛋白网络和纤毛蛋白的反馈回路。最后，我们阐明了肌动蛋白调节剂在纤毛病症状和癌症发展中的作用。