The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a polyphagous crop pest distributed worldwide and frequent exposure to many different defensive secondary metabolites in its host plants. To counteract these defensive plant secondary metabolites, B. tabaci elevate their production of detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Besides their tolerance to phytotoxin, B. tabaci have quickly developed resistance to various insecticides in the field. However, the relationship between host plant secondary metabolites and insecticide resistance in B. tabaci is not fully understood. In this study, the influence of plant flavonoid ingestion on B. tabaci tolerance to thiamethoxam and flupyradifurone insecticides and its possible mechanism were examined. Eight plant flavonoids were screened to evaluate their effects on B. tabaci adult sensitivity to thiamethoxam and flupyradifurone. Of which rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin and catechin significantly reduced adult sensitivity to thiamethoxam and flupyradifurone. Application of cytochrome P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide significantly increased the mortality of B. tabaci adults treated with thiamethoxam and flupyradifurone. Moreover, flavonoid ingestion predominantly enhanced the activity of cytochrome P450 enzyme in B. tabaci adults. Meanwhile, the expression level of three cytochrome P450 genes, CYP6CM1, CYP6CX4 and CYP4C64 were induced by the flavonoids in B. tabaci adults. In conclusion, plant flavonoids enhanced the tolerance to thiamethoxam and flupyradifurone in B. tabaci and cytochrome P450s may contribute the flavonoid adaptation. The reduced sensitivity of thiamethoxam and flupyradifurone in flavonoid-fed B. tabaci adults suggested that previous exposure to the host plant-derived flavonoids is likely to compromise the efficacy of insecticides.

中文翻译：

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植物黄酮类化合物增强粉虱 Bemisia tabaci（半翅目：粉虱科）对噻虫嗪和氟啶酮的耐受性

甘薯粉虱 Bemisia tabaci 是一种分布于世界各地的杂食性作物害虫，经常暴露于其寄主植物中的许多不同的防御性次生代谢物。为了抵消这些防御性植物次生代谢物，烟粉虱提高解毒酶的产生，包括细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶。除了对植物毒素的耐受性之外，烟粉虱还迅速对田间的各种杀虫剂产生了抗性。然而，烟粉虱宿主植物次生代谢产物与杀虫剂抗性之间的关系尚不完全清楚。本研究考察了植物类黄酮摄入对烟粉虱对噻虫嗪和氟吡呋酮类杀虫剂耐受性的影响及其可能的机制。筛选了八种植物类黄酮以评估它们对 B. 烟粉虱成人对噻虫嗪和氟吡呋酮的敏感性。其中芦丁、槲皮素、山奈酚、杨梅素和儿茶素显着降低成人对噻虫嗪和氟吡呋酮的敏感性。细胞色素 P450 抑制剂胡椒基丁醚的应用显着增加了用噻虫嗪和氟吡呋酮治疗的烟粉虱成虫的死亡率。此外，摄入类黄酮主要增强了烟粉虱成虫中细胞色素 P450 酶的活性。同时，三种细胞色素P450基因CYP6CM1、CYP6CX4和CYP4C64的表达水平受到烟粉虱成虫黄酮类化合物的诱导。总之，植物类黄酮增强了烟粉虱对噻虫嗪和氟吡呋酮的耐受性，细胞色素 P450s 可能有助于类黄酮的适应。