Abstract The Lunigiana basin is a NW trending tectonic depression located in the Northern Apennines of Italy. The basin is bounded by active normal faults, characterized by moderate to strong seismicity, with historical earthquakes reaching up to magnitude 6 (February 14, 1834) and instrumental events with magnitude up to 5.4 (June 21, 2013). Using the classical methodologies of active tectonic studies (i.e. remote sensing and digital topography analysis, field mapping, structural geology, and tectonic geomorphology), the main active faults have been mapped for their geometries, kinematics and evidence of activity. Both fault systems bounding the basin to the northeast and southwest have revealed clear evidence of fault capability, i.e., tectonic displacement of the latest Pleistocene-Holocene sediments and geomorphic markers. Then, the study focused on the southwestern Arzelato-Mulazzo-Tresana fault system (AMT), depicting its Late Quaternary tectono-sedimentary evolution and linkage relationship between important fault segments. The throw measurement of key geomorphic markers on the central fault of the AMT allowed to derive medium- (last 350-250 ka) and short-term (18-13 ka) vertical slip rates: 0.44-0.62 and 0.45-0.68 mm/yr, respectively. Lastly, an exploratory trench for paleoseismological analysis was dug across the fault scarp where geomorphic indicators of active surface faulting were most pronounced, just south of the village of Mulazzo. Its paleoseismological analysis revealed at least two events of surface faulting, with a cumulative throw in excess of 70 cm, occurred in historical times. Radiocarbon dating of the exposed alluvial and slope deposits allowed to bracket the surface rupture events to 14th to 19th century AD and after the 18th century AD. Typically, in the active extensional belt of the Apennines, the observed offsets correspond to earthquakes of magnitude >6.3, also confirmed by the empirical fault-scaling laws. This magnitude is, therefore, higher than that currently inferred for this seismic source (Mw 5.7÷6.0 in the DISS catalog) and is comparable to that experienced in the adjoining Garfagnana basin (Mw 6.5 on September 7, 1920). The findings of this research suggests a need to revise the seismic hazard of the Lunigiana basin, including greater consideration of the surface faulting hazard in the seismic microzonation studies. More generally, our findings provide new insight into the comprehension of a) the still unclear deep geometry (listric or not?) and the hierarchy of bounding faults, and b) provide new elements to decipher the puzzling seismotectonic relationships of Lunigiana with the adjoining basins on both its ends, characterized by quite different structural settings.

中文翻译：

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北亚平宁山脉（意大利）有能力断层的地貌和古地震学证据：深入了解 Lunigiana 盆地的活动构造和地震危险

摘要 Lunigiana 盆地是位于意大利北部亚平宁山脉的一个西北向构造坳陷。盆地以活动正断层为界，以中强地震为特征，历史地震最高可达6级（1834年2月14日），仪器事件最高可达5.4级（2013年6月21日）。使用活动构造研究的经典方法（即遥感和数字地形分析、野外测绘、构造地质学和构造地貌学），已绘制了主要活动断层的几何形状、运动学和活动证据。盆地东北和西南边界的两个断层系统都揭示了断层能力的明确证据，即最新更新世-全新世沉积物和地貌标记的构造位移。然后，该研究重点关注西南 Arzelato-Mulazzo-Tresana 断层系统 (AMT)，描述了其晚第四纪构造沉积演化和重要断层段之间的联系关系。AMT 中央断层上关键地貌标志的抛距测量允许推导出中期（最后 350-250 ka）和短期（18-13 ka）垂直滑动率：0.44-0.62 和 0.45-0.68 mm/yr ， 分别。最后，在穆拉佐村以南的断层陡崖上挖了一条用于古地震学分析的探槽，那里的活动地表断层的地貌指标最为明显。其古地震学分析显示，历史时期至少发生过两次地表断层事件，累计距离超过 70 厘米。暴露的冲积物和斜坡沉积物的放射性碳测年允许将表面破裂事件包含在公元 14 至 19 世纪和公元 18 世纪之后。通常，在亚平宁山脉的活动伸展带中，观测到的偏移对应于 6.3 级以上的地震，这也得到了经验断层缩放规律的证实。因此，该震级高于目前对该震源推断的震级（DISS 目录中的 Mw 5.7÷6.0），并且与毗邻的 Garfagnana 盆地的震级（Mw 6.5，1920 年 9 月 7 日）相当。这项研究的结果表明，需要修订 Lunigiana 盆地的地震危险，包括在地震微带研究中更多地考虑地表断层危险。更普遍，