Abstract The integrated disease management program for Bipolaris sp. in cultivated wild rice (Zizania palustris) paddies includes the use of one or two fungicide sprays within the growing season, but their effectiveness was questioned due to recent epidemics. To test the efficacy of fungicide applications, on-farm trials were conducted in four Minnesota locations from 2016 to 2018 using five fungicide combinations: QuiltXcel (a.i. propiconazole and azoxystrobin) followed by Quadris (a.i. azoxystrobin) (QX/Q), one early application of QuiltXcel (QX/-), early application of Quadris followed by Quadris (Q/Q), one early Quadris application (Q/-), and one late Quadris application (-/Q). Although there was variation by years and locations, overall, disease severity was reduced and grain yield enhanced in some of the fungicide treated plots compared to the non-treated control. Further, a meta-analysis found that the average disease severity in fungicide treated plants was significantly reduced (p–value = 0.0016) compared to the control. Grain yield of treated plots were also superior to the control (p-value = 0.0061). Grain yield for QX/Q, QX/-, and Q/Q applications were statistically differently from the control with overall grain increases of 200 kg/ha (SEM = 46.7), 123 kg/ha (SEM = 50.2), and 179 kg/ha (SEM = 46.0), respectively. The probability of offsetting fungicide costs for the overall treatments was 85.5% but it differed by treatment from 57% (Q/-) to 87% (QX/Q). Together, these results indicate that the fungicides used within the current disease management program reduce disease and often enhance grain yield in cultivated wild rice paddies.

中文翻译：

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杀菌剂在控制双极性病害和提高栽培野生稻（Zizania palustris）谷物产量方面的效率和盈利能力

摘要 Bipolaris sp. 的综合疾病管理计划。在栽培野生稻 (Zizania palustris) 稻田中，在生长季节内使用一两种杀菌剂喷雾剂，但由于最近的流行病，其有效性受到质疑。为了测试杀菌剂应用的功效，2016 年至 2018 年在明尼苏达州的四个地点进行了农场试验，使用五种杀菌剂组合：QuiltXcel（丙环唑和嘧菌酯），然后是 Quadris（嘧菌酯）（QX/Q），一种早期应用QuiltXcel (QX/-)，Quadris 的早期应用，其次是 Quadris (Q/Q)，Quadris 早期应用 1 个 (Q/-)，Quadris 晚期应用 1 个 (-/Q)。尽管因年份和地点而异，但总体而言，与未处理的对照相比，一些经过杀菌剂处理的地块的病害严重程度降低，谷物产量提高。此外，一项荟萃分析发现，与对照相比，经过杀菌剂处理的植物的平均疾病严重程度显着降低（p 值 = 0.0016）。处理过的地块的谷物产量也优于对照（p 值 = 0.0061）。QX/Q、QX/- 和 Q/Q 应用的谷物产量在统计学上与对照不同，总谷物增加量分别为 200 kg/ha (SEM = 46.7)、123 kg/ha (SEM = 50.2) 和 179 kg /ha (SEM = 46.0)，分别。整体处理抵消杀菌剂成本的概率为 85.5%，但不同处理的概率从 57% (Q/-) 到 87% (QX/Q)。一起，