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Pre-adolescent stress disrupts adult, but not adolescent, safety learning
Behavioural Brain Research ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113005
Heidi C Meyer 1 , Danielle M Gerhard 1 , Paia A Amelio 2 , Francis S Lee 3
Affiliation  

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent across the lifespan, although diagnoses peak early in adolescence. As a method for inhibiting fear, safety signals have the potential to augment conventional treatments for anxiety. However, the ability to acquire and use safety signals during adolescence remains unclear. Moreover, the impact of stress on safety learning has received surprisingly little attention given that stress is a major factor preceding anxiety onset. In this study, mice were trained in a discriminative conditioning protocol to facilitate safety learning and were tested for fear inhibition using a conditioned safety signal. Next, independent groups of mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) conditions between postnatal day 22 and 28, followed by tests for anxiety-like phenotypes or fear inhibition using a safety signal, performed either 24 h or five weeks following CUS. Pre-adolescent CUS reduced weight in adolescence and this effect endured into adulthood. CUS also increased specific anxiety-like behaviors in adolescence that were unique from the increase in anxiety observed in adulthood. Despite increased anxiety-like behaviors, adolescents were able to learn about and effectively use safety signals to inhibit fear. In contrast, adults that experienced CUS showed a subtle increase in anxiety but had impaired safety signal learning and usage. Together, these findings indicate that pre-adolescent stress has immediate and enduring effects on anxiety-like behaviors but impairs the capacity for conditioned inhibition only following incubation.



中文翻译:

青春期前的压力会扰乱成人的安全学习,但不会扰乱青少年的安全学习

尽管在青春期早期诊断出高峰,但焦虑症在整个生命周期中都非常普遍。作为抑制恐惧的方法,安全信号有可能增强焦虑的常规治疗。然而,青春期获取和使用安全信号的能力仍不清楚。此外,压力对安全学习的影响令人惊讶地很少受到关注,因为压力是焦虑发作之前的一个主要因素。在这项研究中,小鼠接受了区分性条件反射协议的训练,以促进安全学习,并使用条件性安全信号测试恐惧抑制。接下来,独立的小鼠组在出生后第 22 天和第 28 天之间暴露于慢性不可预测压力 (CUS) 条件下,然后使用安全信号测试焦虑样表型或恐惧抑制,在 CUS 后 24 小时或 5 周进行。青春期前的 CUS 在青春期减轻了体重,这种影响一直持续到成年期。CUS 还增加了青春期的特定焦虑样行为,这与成年期观察到的焦虑增加是独一无二的。尽管类似焦虑的行为有所增加,但青少年能够了解并有效地使用安全信号来抑制恐惧。相比之下,经历过 CUS 的成年人表现出焦虑的微妙增加,但安全信号的学习和使用受损。总之,这些发现表明青春期前的压力对焦虑样行为具有直接和持久的影响,但仅在孵化后才会损害条件抑制的能力。青春期前的 CUS 在青春期减轻了体重,这种影响一直持续到成年期。CUS 还增加了青春期的特定焦虑样行为,这与成年期观察到的焦虑增加是独一无二的。尽管类似焦虑的行为有所增加,但青少年能够了解并有效地使用安全信号来抑制恐惧。相比之下,经历过 CUS 的成年人表现出焦虑的微妙增加,但安全信号的学习和使用受损。总之,这些发现表明青春期前的压力对焦虑样行为具有直接和持久的影响,但仅在孵化后才会损害条件抑制的能力。青春期前的 CUS 在青春期减轻了体重,这种影响一直持续到成年期。CUS 还增加了青春期的特定焦虑样行为,这与成年期观察到的焦虑增加是独一无二的。尽管类似焦虑的行为有所增加,但青少年能够了解并有效地使用安全信号来抑制恐惧。相比之下,经历过 CUS 的成年人表现出焦虑的微妙增加,但安全信号的学习和使用受损。总之,这些发现表明青春期前的压力对焦虑样行为具有直接和持久的影响,但仅在孵化后才会损害条件抑制的能力。尽管类似焦虑的行为有所增加,但青少年能够了解并有效地使用安全信号来抑制恐惧。相比之下,经历过 CUS 的成年人表现出焦虑的微妙增加,但安全信号的学习和使用受损。总之,这些发现表明青春期前的压力对焦虑样行为具有直接和持久的影响,但仅在孵化后才会损害条件抑制的能力。尽管类似焦虑的行为有所增加,但青少年能够了解并有效地使用安全信号来抑制恐惧。相比之下,经历过 CUS 的成年人表现出焦虑的微妙增加,但安全信号的学习和使用受损。总之,这些发现表明青春期前的压力对焦虑样行为具有直接和持久的影响,但仅在孵化后才会损害条件抑制的能力。

更新日期:2020-12-18
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