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Freight transport in the context of industrial ecology and sustainability: evaluation of uni- and multi-modality scenarios via life cycle assessment
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s11367-020-01831-8 Carlo Ingrao , Flavio Scrucca , Agata Matarazzo , Claudia Arcidiacono , Anastasia Zabaniotou
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s11367-020-01831-8 Carlo Ingrao , Flavio Scrucca , Agata Matarazzo , Claudia Arcidiacono , Anastasia Zabaniotou
This study aims at comparing, from an environmental point of view, four different scenarios of freight transport at the Italian level, on an equal base of route between supplier and customer. The first scenario included freight movements by truck and mainly ship, the second included track and mainly train, the third was the three-modal based scenario, whilst the fourth scenario was the only uni-modal, based only upon truck movement. The study was conducted to find the environmentally sustainable solution, or at least a sustainable trade-off, as well as the most environmentally burdening issues, associated with the geographic dimension of transport in Italy, towards sustainability. Using uni‐ and multi-modal freight movements by truck, rail and ship, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was developed to estimate the related environmental burdens both at the midpoint and at the endpoint levels from the consumption of primary energy and natural resources along with the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and of other pollutants. Primary data were compiled as part of the inventory analysis and consisted in the transport flows associated with the system investigated: those were calculated from the distance travelled and the goods load transported. Primary data were then combined with secondary data that were modelled with the transport life cycle modules contained in Ecoinvent: from those modules, the fuel consumption amounts associated transport flows were extrapolated, and used for the assessment. Results showed that the environmental impact of the multi-modal scenarios is lower compared with the uni-modal scenario. The best performing option was found to be the third scenario providing use of all the three freight means, namely ship, train and truck. However, this scenario is not being practiced for several reasons, mainly due to control and monitoring difficulties of each step and higher operational costs. The first and second scenarios showed a quite comparable environmental behaviour and so are to be considered as viable options. Apart from highlighting the most environmentally viable transport options, the study contributed to finding the indicators of environmental impact and damage that best describe the system investigated and are recommended by this author team to be accounted for in future assessments in the transport sector. Finally, although site-specific, the results of this study may be useful to logistics companies, policy and decision makers of other regions and countries towards identifying and promoting environmentally optimal freight transport solutions, contributing to sustainability of the transport sector.
中文翻译:
工业生态和可持续性背景下的货运:通过生命周期评估评估单模态和多模态情景
本研究旨在从环境角度比较意大利一级货运的四种不同情况,供应商和客户之间的路线相同。第一个场景包括卡车和主要船舶的货运,第二个包括轨道和主要火车,第三个场景是基于三模式的场景,而第四个场景是唯一的单模式,仅基于卡车移动。该研究旨在寻找环境可持续的解决方案,或者至少是可持续的权衡,以及与意大利交通的地理维度相关的最具环境负担的问题,以实现可持续性。使用卡车、铁路和轮船的单模式和多模式货运,开发了生命周期评估 (LCA),以估计初级能源和自然资源消耗以及温室气体 (GHG) 和其他污染物排放的中点和终点水平的相关环境负担。原始数据作为清单分析的一部分进行汇编,包括与所调查系统相关的运输流量:这些数据是根据行驶距离和运输的货物负载计算得出的。然后将原始数据与使用 Ecoinvent 中包含的运输生命周期模块建模的次级数据相结合:从这些模块中推断出与运输流量相关的燃料消耗量,并将其用于评估。结果表明,与单模式情景相比,多模式情景的环境影响较低。表现最好的选择是提供使用所有三种货运方式的第三种方案,即船舶、火车和卡车。然而,由于多种原因,这种情况并未得到实践,主要是由于每个步骤的控制和监控困难以及更高的运营成本。第一个和第二个场景显示出相当可比的环境行为,因此被视为可行的选择。除了突出环境上最可行的交通选择外,该研究还有助于找到最能描述所调查系统的环境影响和破坏指标,并由作者团队推荐在未来交通部门的评估中加以考虑。
更新日期:2020-11-08
中文翻译:
工业生态和可持续性背景下的货运:通过生命周期评估评估单模态和多模态情景
本研究旨在从环境角度比较意大利一级货运的四种不同情况,供应商和客户之间的路线相同。第一个场景包括卡车和主要船舶的货运,第二个包括轨道和主要火车,第三个场景是基于三模式的场景,而第四个场景是唯一的单模式,仅基于卡车移动。该研究旨在寻找环境可持续的解决方案,或者至少是可持续的权衡,以及与意大利交通的地理维度相关的最具环境负担的问题,以实现可持续性。使用卡车、铁路和轮船的单模式和多模式货运,开发了生命周期评估 (LCA),以估计初级能源和自然资源消耗以及温室气体 (GHG) 和其他污染物排放的中点和终点水平的相关环境负担。原始数据作为清单分析的一部分进行汇编,包括与所调查系统相关的运输流量:这些数据是根据行驶距离和运输的货物负载计算得出的。然后将原始数据与使用 Ecoinvent 中包含的运输生命周期模块建模的次级数据相结合:从这些模块中推断出与运输流量相关的燃料消耗量,并将其用于评估。结果表明,与单模式情景相比,多模式情景的环境影响较低。表现最好的选择是提供使用所有三种货运方式的第三种方案,即船舶、火车和卡车。然而,由于多种原因,这种情况并未得到实践,主要是由于每个步骤的控制和监控困难以及更高的运营成本。第一个和第二个场景显示出相当可比的环境行为,因此被视为可行的选择。除了突出环境上最可行的交通选择外,该研究还有助于找到最能描述所调查系统的环境影响和破坏指标,并由作者团队推荐在未来交通部门的评估中加以考虑。