Additive manufacturing allows production of complex geometries or customized designs that are difficult or impossible to fabricate by conventional means. However, these components have hardly ever been tested in severe conditions corresponding to real functioning at high temperature. The high temperature oxidation of AISI 316L stainless steel additively manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) has been studied for 100 h at temperatures between 700 and 1000 °C in dry air and compared to that of wrought samples. Thermogravimetric analyses showed slower kinetics for SLM samples than for conventional coupons. In addition, SLM samples exhibit parabolic kinetics for all the studied temperatures, while conventional coupons present complete laws above 800 °C. Parabolic constant rate determined for 900 °C oxidation is one order of magnitude lower for SLM samples (1.73·10−13 g2 cm−4 s−1) than for wrought coupons (1.54·10−12 g2 cm−4 s−1). The resulting activation energy values confirm the better behavior of SLM alloys, in agreement with the formation at their surface of protective chromia Cr2O3. In contrast, additional formation of non-protective iron oxides was observed above 800 °C for the wrought samples. The different behavior could be explained by Cr depletion at the surface of conventional alloy, whereas Cr supply was still insured in the case of SLM material.

中文翻译：

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选择性激光熔化增材制造对 AISI 316L 奥氏体不锈钢高温行为的影响

增材制造允许生产传统方法难以或不可能制造的复杂几何形状或定制设计。然而，这些组件几乎从未在高温下实际运行的严酷条件下进行过测试。通过选择性激光熔化 (SLM) 增材制造的 AISI 316L 不锈钢的高温氧化在 700 至 1000 °C 之间的温度下在干燥空气中进行了 100 小时的研究，并与锻造样品的高温氧化进行了比较。热重分析显示 SLM 样品的动力学比传统试样慢。此外，SLM 样品在所有研究温度下都表现出抛物线动力学，而传统试样在 800 °C 以上表现出完整的规律。SLM 样品 (1.73·10−13 g2 cm−4 s−1) 为 900 °C 氧化确定的抛物线常数速率比锻造试样 (1.54·10−12 g2 cm−4 s−1) 低一个数量级. 由此产生的活化能值证实了 SLM 合金的更好行为，与其表面形成的保护性氧化铬 Cr2O3 一致。相比之下，锻造样品在 800°C 以上观察到额外的非保护性氧化铁的形成。不同的行为可以通过常规合金表面的 Cr 消耗来解释，而在 SLM 材料的情况下，Cr 供应仍然得到保证。与在其表面形成保护性氧化铬 Cr2O3 一致。相比之下，锻造样品在 800°C 以上观察到额外的非保护性氧化铁的形成。不同的行为可以通过常规合金表面的 Cr 消耗来解释，而在 SLM 材料的情况下，Cr 供应仍然得到保证。与在其表面形成保护性氧化铬 Cr2O3 一致。相比之下，锻造样品在 800°C 以上观察到额外的非保护性氧化铁的形成。不同的行为可以通过常规合金表面的 Cr 消耗来解释，而在 SLM 材料的情况下，Cr 供应仍然得到保证。