The economy as a whole and most of its constituent parts, like markets, government institutions, firms, or households, are inherently complex conceptual constructions. Micro-level diversity, decentralized interaction, self-organization, adaptation and learning, emergence, and evolution, are some of the fundamental features that the above entities share and that allow to classify them as being complex entities. In a complex economic system, existing structures of interaction are in constant mutation as individual agents contact and influence one another and, by doing so, reshape the macro environment in which socio-economic relations unfold. Notwithstanding the observed pervasiveness of complexity in economics, there are a few areas of economic thought where the discussion on the theme has gained an exceptional relevance. In this article, six of such areas are identified and their complex nature is highlighted and scrutinized. These pertain to: (i) Knowledge interactions and technological innovation; (ii) Corporate design and organizational learning; (iii) Public policies directed at market regulation; (iv) Banking and financial markets; (v) Environmental economics, sustainability, and climate change; and (vi) income inequality.

整个经济及其大部分组成部分，例如市场，政府机构，企业或家庭，本质上是复杂的概念结构。微观层次的多样性，分散的互动，自我组织，适应与学习，出现和进化，是上述实体共享的一些基本特征，可以将它们归类为复杂实体。在一个复杂的经济体系中，相互作用的现有结构不断变化，因为各个个体之间相互接触并相互影响，从而改变了社会经济关系展开的宏观环境。尽管观察到经济学中普遍存在复杂性，但是在经济思想的一些领域中，有关该主题的讨论具有特殊的意义。在这篇文章中，确定了其中六个领域，并突出并审查了它们的复杂性质。这些涉及：（一）知识相互作用和技术创新；ii公司设计和组织学习；iii针对市场监管的公共政策；iv银行和金融市场；v环境经济学，可持续性和气候变化；（vi）收入不平等。