Since 2015, China has implemented chemical fertilizer reduction, aiming to achieve zero growth in the application rate of chemical fertilizer. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the effect of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic materials in a wheat-maize rotation system from fluvo-aquic soil in North China on soil microbial community. The field experiment included five fertilization treatments, i.e., chemical fertilizer with conventional application rate (F), chemical fertilizer reduction on the basis of conventional fertilization (FR), chemical fertilizer reduction plus straw (FRS), chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer (FRO), and chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer and straw (FROS). The abundance, composition, diversity, and structure of bacterial and fungal communities among treatments were evaluated using qPCR and Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) in all treatments with addition of organic materials were much higher than those in treatments applied with only chemical fertilizer. The SOM content in the FRS, FRO, and FROS treatments increased by 23.91%, 37.12%, 26.09%, and the TN content increased by 11.96%, 21.08%, 15.22% in comparison with the F treatment, respectively. The lowest contents of available phosphorus (AP) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) were observed in FR treatment. The AP content in FRO and FROS treatments were 2.44 times and 2.42 times greater than that in FR treatment, respectively. Compared with F treatment, the organic materials input significantly increased bacterial and fungal abundances. More significant effects on the α-diversity with organic fertilizer were observed in the fungal community compared with the bacterial community. The significant increase of Ascomycota and the decline of Mortierellomycota and Glomeromycota were observed in the combined with organic materials treated soils. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis demonstrated that the bacterial community structure in the F treatment was clearly separated from the other treatments, and the other treatments clustered closely, while with respect to fungal community structure, the FRO and FROS treatments grouped together and were separated from the other three treatments. The redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the structure of the bacterial community was significantly correlated with SOM and TN, and the fungal community structure was strongly correlated with AP, SOM, and TN. The chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer and straw can effectively improve soil fertility and nutrient availability, altered the community structure of both bacteria and fungi, but only significantly reduced fungal biodiversity. The influence of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic materials on fungi was greater than that on bacteria in fluvo-aquic soil of North China.

中文翻译：

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华北平原化肥减量结合有机物处理的潮土土壤细菌和真菌群落变化

2015年以来，我国实施化肥减量，力争实现化肥施用量零增长。因此，探讨华北潮土小麦-玉米轮作系统中化肥减量结合有机物质对土壤微生物群落的影响具有重要意义。田间试验包括5个施肥处理，即常规施用化肥（F）、常规施肥基础上减施化肥（FR）、化肥减量加秸秆（FRS）、化肥减量加有机肥（ FRO），以及化肥减量结合有机肥和秸秆（FROS）。丰度、组成、多样性，使用 qPCR 和 Illumina 高通量测序技术评估处理中细菌和真菌群落的结构和结构。结果表明，所有添加有机物处理的土壤有机质（SOM）和全氮（TN）浓度均远高于仅施化肥的处理。与F处理相比，FRS、FRO和FROS处理中SOM含量分别增加了23.91%、37.12%、26.09%，TN含量分别增加了11.96%、21.08%、15.22%。在 FR 处理中观察到有效磷 (AP) 和硝态氮 (NO3--N) 的最低含量。FRO和FROS处理的AP含量分别是FR处理的2.44倍和2.42倍。与F处理相比，有机材料输入显着增加了细菌和真菌的丰度。与细菌群落相比，在真菌群落中观察到有机肥对α-多样性的影响更显着。结合有机材料处理的土壤中，子囊菌显着增加，被孢霉菌和球孢菌显着减少。非度量多维标度 (NMDS) 分析表明 F 处理中的细菌群落结构与其他处理明显分离，其他处理紧密聚集，而在真菌群落结构方面，FRO 和 FROS 处理分组在一起，并且与其他三种治疗分开。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明细菌群落结构与SOM、TN显着相关，真菌群落结构与AP、SOM、TN强相关。化肥减量结合有机肥和秸秆可有效提高土壤肥力和养分有效性，改变细菌和真菌的群落结构，但仅显着降低了真菌的生物多样性。化肥减量结合有机材料对华北潮土中真菌的影响大于对细菌的影响。化肥减量结合有机肥和秸秆可有效提高土壤肥力和养分有效性，改变细菌和真菌的群落结构，但仅显着降低了真菌的生物多样性。化肥减量结合有机材料对华北潮土中真菌的影响大于对细菌的影响。化肥减量结合有机肥和秸秆可有效提高土壤肥力和养分有效性，改变细菌和真菌的群落结构，但仅显着降低了真菌的生物多样性。化肥减量结合有机材料对华北潮土中真菌的影响大于对细菌的影响。