During the urbanization, human activities have brought great changes to marine biodiversity and microbial communities of coastal water. Shenzhen is a coastal city that has developed rapidly over the past four decades, but the microbial communities and metabolic potential in offshore water are still not well characterized. Here, 16S rRNA gene V4-V5 sequencing was conducted to determine the microbial components from coastal waters in twenty selected areas of Shenzhen. The results showed a significant difference on the microbial composition between the western and eastern waters. Samples from western coast had more abundant Burkholderiaceae, Sporichthyaceae, Aeromonadaceae, and Methylophilaceae compared to eastern coast, and at the genus level, Candidatus Aquiluna, Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Ottowia and Acidibacter were significantly higher in western waters. There was also a notable difference within the western sample group, suggesting the taxa-compositional heterogeneity. Moreover, analysis of environmental factors and water quality revealed that salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen were relatively decreased in western samples, while total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and harmful marine vibrio were significantly increased compared to eastern waters. The results suggest the coastal waters pollution is more serious in western Shenzhen than eastern Shenzhen and the microbial communities are altered, which can be associated with anthropogenic disturbances.

在城市化进程中，人类活动给沿海水域的海洋生物多样性和微生物群落带来了巨大的变化。深圳是一个沿海城市，在过去的 40 年里发展迅速，但近海水域的微生物群落和代谢潜力仍未得到很好的表征。在这里，进行了 16S rRNA 基因 V4-V5 测序，以确定深圳二十个选定区域沿海水域的微生物成分。结果表明，西部和东部水域的微生物组成存在显着差异。从西海岸的样品具有更丰富Burkholderiaceae，Sporichthyaceae，Aeromonadaceae和Methylophilaceae与东海岸相比，在属水平上，Candidatus Aquiluna、Aeromonas、Arcobacter、Ottowia和Acidibacter西部水域明显偏高。西方样本组内也存在显着差异，表明分类群组成的异质性。此外，环境因素和水质分析表明，与东部水域相比，西部样品的盐度、pH值和溶解氧相对降低，而总氮、总磷、化学需氧量和有害海洋弧菌则显着增加。结果表明，深圳西部沿海水域污染比深圳东部更严重，微生物群落发生改变，这可能与人为干扰有关。