Sol–gel method was used to synthesize pure and doped (Ni, Co, and Fe) Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles (Ni_xCr_2-xO₃, Co_xCr_2-xO₃, and Fe_xCr_2-xO₃, where x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07). The structural properties of the prepared samples were determined using x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) with an aim to investigate the influence of doping concentration on the behavior of pure and doped Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs). The average crystallite size was estimated with Debye Scherrer’s formula. Morphology of pure and doped (Ni, Co, and Fe) Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles was examined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to ascertain surface group species of the samples. UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to determine the energy band gap of samples through optical absorption spectrum. Photoluminescence spectroscopy was undertaken to acquire emission and absorption spectra and determine defects in the structures of all synthesized nanopowder samples. Antibacterial activity of pure and doped (Ni, Co, and Fe) Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles was investigated against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using paper disc diffusion method and pour plate procedure. Enhanced anti-bactericidal activity was shown against Gram-negative bacteria compared to Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum and maximum inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus was recorded with 40 and 100 μg/ml of nanoparticles, respectively. Furthermore, iron-doped Cr₂O₃ was more effective in restricting growth of bacterial cell compared to cobalt- and nickel-doped Cr₂O₃. Superior activity observed against E. coli and S. aureus in terms of inhibition make these samples suitable and potential candidates in medical and paint industries.

溶胶-凝胶法用于合成纯的和掺杂的（Ni，Co和Fe）Cr ₂ O ₃纳米颗粒（Ni _x Cr _{2- x} O ₃，Co _x Cr _{2- x} O ₃和Fe _x Cr _{2- x} O ₃，其中x  = 0.00、0.01、0.03、0.05和0.07）。为了研究掺杂浓度对纯Cr ₂ O ₃和掺杂Cr ₂ O ₃行为的影响，使用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）确定了所制备样品的结构性能。纳米粒子（NPs）。平均晶体尺寸用Debye Scherrer公式估算。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）检查了纯的和掺杂的（Ni，Co和Fe）Cr ₂ O ₃纳米颗粒的形貌。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）用于确定样品的表面族种类。紫外可见光谱用于通过光吸收光谱确定样品的能带隙。进行光致发光光谱法以获取发射光谱和吸收光谱，并确定所有合成的纳米粉末样品的结构中的缺陷。纯和掺杂（Ni，Co和Fe）Cr ₂ O _3的抗菌活性用纸盘扩散法和倾板法研究了纳米颗粒对革兰氏阴性细菌如大肠杆菌（E. coli）和革兰氏阳性细菌金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）的抵抗作用。与革兰氏阳性细菌相比，显示出对革兰氏阴性细菌增强的抗菌活性。用40和100μg/ ml的纳米颗粒分别记录了对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小和最大抑制作用。此外，与钴和镍掺杂的Cr ₂ O ₃相比，铁掺杂的Cr ₂ O ₃在限制细菌细胞生长方面更有效。。在抑制方面观察到的针对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的优异活性使这些样品成为医学和涂料工业的合适和潜在的候选者。